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Questions and Answers
What should the OBS be set to in order to get correct needle sense and a TO indication?
How many satellites with adequate elevation and suitable geometry does a stand-alone GPS equipment need for providing 3D positioning when flying under IFR?
What causes an apparent increase in transmitted frequency proportional to the velocity of the transmitter?
In the Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS), the horizontal accuracy figures are based on position referencing to which datum?
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When performing a Mode C check, the controller's readout must agree with the pilot's reported level within:
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Which radar system uses echoes from a reflecting object, while the other uses responses from a transponder beacon?
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When using Airborne Weather Radar with stabilisation on, what does it mean when an isolated cloud at a range of 25nm ceases to paint when the tilt control is at a 1° tilt up?
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To receive a FROM indication, what number should the OBS be set to along with having correct needle sense?
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When using Airborne Weather Radar in weather mode, what do the strongest returns on the screen typically indicate?
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In VOR navigation, if the deviation indicator shows a specific reading and the DME gives a range of 115 nm, which radial is the aircraft on and what turn will be necessary to regain the centerline?
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According to the VOR/ILS deviation indicator, the aircraft was on which radial?
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Assuming still air conditions, what heading alteration would be required to regain the centreline?
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What is the emission designator of DME?
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What type of pulses does DME transmit?
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In which frequency band does DME operate?
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During the initial stage of the 'search' pattern before 'lock-on', what is the pulse transmission rate maintained by the ground transmitter?
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What distinguishes a conventional VOR from a Doppler VOR when using the aircraft's system?
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Which of the following is NOT a source of error in DECCA navigation?
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In the context of VDF let-downs or QGH let-downs, who controls a QGH let-down?
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When a pilot is using a VOR and DME simultaneously with the same identification except for the last letter 'Z' in the DME's identification, what assumption can be made for obtaining an accurate fix?
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What is the primary difference between a conventional VOR and a DVOR?
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What is a common source of error in VOR navigation?
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What is the minimum number of satellites needed to provide a three-dimensional fix in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding the DME groundspeed computation of aircraft A, B, and C using the same co-located VOR/DME transponder?
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What is the difference between a VOR and a TACAN beacon?
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What is the purpose of frequency pairing in the placement of beacons?
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Which navigation aid provides azimuth information to an aircraft?
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What is the purpose of a position report requested by ATC when an aircraft intercepts the 070° radial from VOR B?
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Study Notes
OBS Settings
- OBS should be set to 064 to get correct needle sense and a TO indication.
- OBS should be set to 244 to get correct needle sense and a FROM indication.
GPS Navigation
- A standalone GPS equipment needs a minimum of 4 satellites with adequate elevation and suitable geometry to provide 3D positioning when flying under IFR.
- Horizontal accuracy figures quoted are based on the assumption that position is referenced to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) Datum.
Radar and Navigation
- An apparent increase in transmitted frequency is caused by the transmitter moving towards the receiver.
- Primary radar uses echoes from a reflecting object, whereas secondary radar uses responses from a transponder beacon.
- When using an Airborne Weather Radar in the weather mode, the strongest returns on the screen indicate areas where high concentrations of large water droplets exist.
VOR and ILS
- When using a VOR, the indication on the VOR/ILS deviation indicator shows the direction of the aircraft from the VOR radial.
- To regain the centreline, the aircraft must turn towards the VOR radial.
- The DME gives a range from the VOR facility.
DME and VOR
- DME operates in the UHF frequency band, transmitting twin pulses, giving it the emission designator of PON.
- The VOR in an aircraft is correctly tuned and set to define the centre line of an airway.
- The VOR/ILS deviation indicator shows the direction of the aircraft from the VOR radial.
Navigation Errors
- Errors in DECCA include station interference, static interference, lane slip, and height error.
- Errors in DME include station interference, static interference, and lane slip.
VDF and QGH Let-downs
- A VDF let-down is controlled by the pilot, whereas a QGH is controlled by the ground operator.
GNSS and Satellite Navigation
- The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) consists of 24 operational satellites plus 3 operational spare satellites in 3 orbital planes around the earth.
- A minimum of 4 satellites are needed to provide a 3D fix.
Satellite Navigation and Airborne Equipment
- An aircraft's DME groundspeed computation is affected by its distance from the beacon, wind conditions, and aircraft performance.
- The accuracy of DME groundspeed computation depends on the aircraft's position and velocity relative to the beacon.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of VOR/ILS navigation by determining the aircraft's radial position based on deviation indicators and DME range readings, using the 1 in 60 rule. Choose the correct radial corresponding to the given deviation indicator.
