Volcanoes: Types and Eruptions
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Questions and Answers

What is a volcano?

A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases, and ashes are erupted.

Which of the following is NOT a product of a volcanic eruption?

  • Gas
  • Ash
  • Rain (correct)
  • Lava

    • What is the name of the molten rock that comes out of a Volcano during an eruption?

  • Lava (correct)
  • Ash
  • Pumice
  • Magma

    • What type of volcano has a broad base and gentle slopes formed by lava flows?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a composite volcano in the Philippines?

    <p>Mt. Mayon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of volcanic eruption produces lava that flows steadily and calmly?

    <p>Effusive eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest type of volcano, characterized by steep slopes and made from fragments of solidified lava?

    <p>Cinder volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call a volcano that will never erupt again?

    <p>Extinct volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Philippine volcano had a massive eruption in 1991?

    <p>Mount Pinatubo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of a zone along the edge of the pacific ocean that has many volcanoes?

    <p>Ring of Fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Philippines is located within the Ring of Fire.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Volcanic eruptions are always explosive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Magma with a high silica content tends to be more viscous.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As magma rises, it cools down and becomes less viscous.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a volcano that has not erupted in thousands of years but may erupt again?

    <p>Dormant volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of volcanic eruptions with their characteristics.

    <p>Phreatic eruption = Caused by the interaction of magma and water resulting in a violent eruption Phreatomagmatic eruption = A steam-driven eruption triggered by the heating of groundwater Strombolian eruption = Characterized by fountaining of lava, often associated with weak to moderate eruptions Vulcanian eruption = Known for their tall eruption columns and pyroclastic flow, often involving ashfall Plinian eruption = Excessively explosive eruptions with a high rate of magma discharge, producing large ash columns and pyroclastic flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main vent of a volcano?

    <p>The main vent is the weak point in the Earth's crust where magma rises from the magma chamber and reaches the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crater of a volcano?

    <p>The crater is the mouth of the volcano that surrounds the main vent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a parasitic cone?

    <p>A parasitic cone is a cone-shaped accumulation of organic material that is not part of the central vent of a volcano.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are side vents?

    <p>Side vents are openings on the sides of a volcano that allow magma to erupt from the volcano.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the magma chamber of a volcano?

    <p>The magma chamber is a chamber beneath the volcano that holds the magma before it erupts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'laccolith'?

    <p>A laccolith is a mushroom-shaped intrusion of magma that forces overlying rock layers upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dike?

    <p>A dike is a sheet-like intrusion of magma that cuts through existing rock layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyroclastic material is hot debris from a volcano.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four types of lava?

    <p>The four types of lava are blocky lava, pahoehoe lava, a'a lava, and pillow lava.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of lava flows slowly like dripping wax?

    <p>Pahoehoe lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of lava is formed underwater?

    <p>Pillow lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of lava is formed jagged?

    <p>A'a lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of lava is cool and stiff and doesn’t travel far?

    <p>Blocky lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explosive magma generally has a high water content.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explosive magma generally has a high silica content.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explosive volcanic eruptions occur when magma is thin and flows easily.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Volcanoes: Types, Structure, and Eruptions

    • A volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface where molten rock, gases, smoke, and ashes are erupted.
    • Volcanoes are classified by their frequency of eruption:
      • Active: Erupted within the last 600 years or shows signs of potential eruption.
      • Inactive: Has not erupted for the last 10,000 years; their physical form may have been altered by weather and erosion.
      • Extinct: A volcano that will no longer erupt.
    • Volcanoes are also categorized by cone shape:
      • Composite (Stratovolcanoes): Tall, symmetrical, steep-sided, built from layers of lava and pyroclastic materials; dangerous and explosive eruptions, sometimes involving slow-moving lava. Known to have caused the most human deaths.
      • Cinder Cone: Circular or oval; formed quickly due to the short eruption lifespan of building up from cooled lava fragments (cinders) and ash around the vent.
      • Shield Volcanoes: Broad, gentle slopes; shaped like a shield; formed due to numerous effusive (gentle) eruptions of runny lava.

    Parts of a Volcano

    • Magma Chamber: A chamber beneath the surface; contains magma (molten rock).
    • Main Vent: The weak points in the Earth's crust; where magma rises and reaches the surface.
    • Crater: The mouth of the volcano; surrounds the main vent.
    • Side Vent: An opening on the side of a volcano.
    • Parasitic Cone: A cone-shaped accumulation of organic materials that aren't part of the central vent.
    • Gas & Volcanic Ash: Volcanic materials expelled during eruptions.

    Types of Volcanic Eruptions

    • Phreatic (Hydrothermal): A steam-driven eruption when hot rocks come into contact with water; short-lived, characterized by ash columns; can be a precursor to a larger eruption.
    • Phreatomagmatic: A violent eruption; caused by contact between water and magma; creates large columns of fine, high-speed pyroclastic materials (called base surges).
    • Strombolian: A weak to violent eruption, characterized by lava fountains.
    • Vulcanian: Tall eruption columns reaching heights of 20 km with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra; small to moderate explosions lasting seconds to minutes.
    • Plinian: Extremely explosive eruption of gases and pyroclastic material. A high rate of magma discharge and widespread ash dispersion.

    Why do Volcanoes Erupt?

    • Tectonic Plates: Massive slabs of solid rock gliding over the Earth's mantle. Volcanoes frequently occur at the boundaries between these plates.
    • Earth's Structure: The Earth has layers, including the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. Volcanoes form through differing conditions, pressures, and magma flows.

    Magma Viscosity

    • Magma Viscosity: a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. Factors affecting magma viscosity include:
      • Temperature
      • Chemical composition
      • Amount of dissolved gases

    Types of Lava

    • Blocky Lava: Cool and stiff; doesn't travel far
    • Pahoehoe Lava: Slow-moving, smooth, and resembling dripping wax; forms a glassy surface
    • ʻAʻā Lava: Jagged, sometimes slow-moving underwater surface
    • Pillow Lava: Rounded, bubble-like lumps; forms underwater

    The Ring of Fire

    • A zone around the Pacific Ocean with many volcanoes and frequent earthquakes
    • The Philippines is in this zone.

    Assignment Questions

    • 1. What type of volcano has a broad base and gentle slopes formed by lava flows? Shield volcano
    • 2. Which of the following is an example of a composite volcano in the Philippines? Mt. Mayon
    • 3. What type of volcanic eruption produces lava that flows steadily and calmly? Non-explosive eruption
    • 4. Which term describes a volcano that has not erupted in thousands of years but may erupt again? Dormant
    • 5. What is the smallest type of volcano, characterized by steep slopes and made from fragments of solidified lava?  Cinder cone
    • 6. What is the name of the molten rock that comes out of a volcano during an eruption? Magma
    • 7. Which type of volcano has steep sides and is made of layers of ash and lava? Composite (stratovolcano)
    • 8. Which of the following is NOT a product of a volcanic eruption? Rain
    • 9. What do you call a volcano that will never erupt again? Extinct
    • 10. Which Philippine volcano had a massive eruption in 1991? Mt. Pinatubo

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    Volcano Lesson Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of volcanoes in this quiz, focusing on their types, structures, and eruption patterns. Learn about active, inactive, and extinct volcanoes, as well as the different cone shapes they can take. Test your knowledge on this dynamic geological phenomenon!

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