Volcanic Pyroclastic Flows
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of an earthquake?

  • Tsunamis
  • Hurricanes
  • Landslides
  • Movement of the Earth's tectonic plates (correct)

    • What natural event can be triggered if an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor?

  • Tsunami (correct)
  • Wildfire
  • Blizzard
  • Drought

    • What is liquefaction in the context of an earthquake?

  • Volcanic eruption
  • Formation of glaciers
  • Solidification of wet soil
  • Movement and liquid-like behavior of wet soil due to shaking (correct)

    • Which of the following can be a direct result of ground shaking during an earthquake?

    <p>Landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen due to ruptures in the ground during an earthquake?

    <p>Damage to buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are houses affected during an earthquake?

    <p>They can be knocked off their foundations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can hinder firefighters' access to fires following an earthquake?

    <p>Collapsed or blocked roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of damage can occur to roads and bridges during an earthquake?

    <p>They can be damaged or collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural event might follow an earthquake due to exposed electrical wires?

    <p>Fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of a gas line rupture during an earthquake?

    <p>Fire outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why tephra is considered extremely dangerous?

    <p>It negatively impacts respiratory health due to its ash content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best preventative measure against lahars?

    <p>Evacuating people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stress is illustrated by stretching a rock apart?

    <p>Tensional stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stress phase is reversible in rocks?

    <p>Elastic deformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock will flow in response to stress without breaking?

    <p>Ductile rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological feature is caused by the application of compressive stress to rock layers?

    <p>Folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the formation of domes and basins when two anticlines or synclines connect?

    <p>Connecting folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of volcanic flow is characterized by a high percentage of gases and low rock fragments?

    <p>Pyroclastic surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pyroclastic flows differ from lava flows in terms of their composition?

    <p>Lava flows contain a higher proportion of solid debris than gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What volcanic landform results from thick, gelatin-like lava that forms a mound of rock on top of the volcano?

    <p>Lava dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do pyroclastic surges differ from pyroclastic flows?

    <p>Pyroclastic surges have a higher proportion of gas than rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is formed when a volcanic eruption empties the magma chamber leading to an implosion?

    <p>Caldera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which volcanic hazard is most likely to cause suffocation due to the presence of highly heated toxic gases?

    <p>Pyroclastic surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why pyroclastic flows are more deadly than lava flows?

    <p>Pyroclastic flows contain more gases than rocks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a volcanic pipe?

    <p>Gas and magma buildup under Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the large rock fragments ejected from a volcano?

    <p>Tephra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are about 75% of the world's volcanoes located?

    <p>Along the Ring of Fire in the Pacific Ocean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of volcanoes and their eruptions called?

    <p>Volcanology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lavas are more explosive during volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Viscous lavas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas emitted during volcanic eruptions contributes to global warming?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are pyroclastic flows composed of?

    <p>Ash, rock fragments, and gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In volcanology, what is the term used for the area that includes a vent in the surface of a planet allowing volcanic material through?

    <p>Volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano tends to be the least explosive?

    <p>Lava Dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sulfur dioxide aerosols contribute to during a volcanic eruption?

    <p>Acid rain and global cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common gas emitted during a volcanic eruption?

    <p>Water vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can pyroclastic flows consist of besides rock fragments and ash?

    <p>Tephra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end member of pyroclastic flows that reflects sun rays away from the earth?

    <p>Nuees Ardentes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is formed when a volcanic eruption completely empties the magma chamber?

    <p>Caldera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcanic flow has the highest proportion of gases and moves very quickly?

    <p>Pyroclastic surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are pyroclastic surges different from pyroclastic flows?

    <p>Flows contain more toxic gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the destructive nature of pyroclastic flows?

    <p>Presence of toxic gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which volcanic landform results from thick, gelatin-like lava that forms a mound on top of the volcano?

    <p>Lava dome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of eruption can occur without the formation of a volcanic pipe or vent?

    <p>Fissure eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural event can be triggered by an earthquake occurring on the ocean floor?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a volcanic pipe?

    <p>Pressure in the magma chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of a gas line rupture during an earthquake?

    <p>Explosive volcanic eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between magma and lava?

    <p>Magma is below the crust, while lava is above the crust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do composite cones tend to be more explosive compared to lava domes?

    <p>Composite cones contain more gases than lava domes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pyroclastic flows differ from lava flows?

    <p>Pyroclastic flows are associated with explosive eruptions while lava flows are not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lavas are more explosive during volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Viscous lavas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of carbon dioxide emitted during volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Trapping heat and contributing to global warming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main danger associated with sulfur dioxide aerosols released during volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Contributing to acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the rapid movement of pyroclastic flows?

    <p>Inclusion of toxic gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can water vapor emitted during volcanic eruptions have both positive and negative impacts on the environment?

    <p>It adds moisture to the water cycle but can contribute to warming the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the formation of different shapes in volcanoes?

    <p>Variation in the type of eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from the shaking of the ground during an earthquake?

    <p>Landslides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can an earthquake occurring on the ocean floor affect coastal areas?

    <p>It causes a tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of event can be generated if an earthquake causes ruptures in the ground?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural disaster can be stimulated by liquefaction during an earthquake?

    <p>Mudslide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of houses being knocked off their foundations during an earthquake?

    <p>Reduced structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature can be damaged or collapsed by the shaking during an earthquake?

    <p>Bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk arises from power and gas lines rupturing during an earthquake?

    <p>Risk of utility outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might firefighters face challenges reaching fires after an earthquake?

    <p>Blocked or collapsed roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural phenomenon can be triggered if an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can ground shaking during an earthquake result in landslides?

    <p>By loosening soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is formed when a volcanic eruption empties the magma chamber leading to an implosion?

    <p>Caldera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stress is illustrated by stretching a rock apart?

    <p>Tensional stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why pyroclastic flows are more deadly than lava flows?

    <p>High velocity and extremely high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the formation of domes and basins when two anticlines or synclines connect?

    <p>Plunging hinge line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural event might follow an earthquake due to exposed electrical wires?

    <p>Fire outbreak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen due to ruptures in the ground during an earthquake?

    <p>Surface displacement and ground shaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sulfur dioxide aerosols contribute to during a volcanic eruption?

    <p>Acid rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of an earthquake?

    <p>Tectonic plate movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can pyroclastic flows consist of besides rock fragments and ash?

    <p>Volcanic gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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