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Questions and Answers
Which type of eruption is characterized by low viscosity magma and little gas content?
Which type of eruption is characterized by low viscosity magma and little gas content?
Explosive eruptions generally send ash clouds lower than 25 kilometers into the atmosphere.
Explosive eruptions generally send ash clouds lower than 25 kilometers into the atmosphere.
False
Name one volcano associated with explosive eruptions that has severe environmental and climatic effects.
Name one volcano associated with explosive eruptions that has severe environmental and climatic effects.
Mt. Pinatubo
Explosive eruptions are formed with large amounts of gas and __________ magma.
Explosive eruptions are formed with large amounts of gas and __________ magma.
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Match the following eruption types with their associated characteristics:
Match the following eruption types with their associated characteristics:
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Which type of eruption is characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater?
Which type of eruption is characterized by a dense cloud of ash-laden gas exploding from the crater?
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Effusive eruptions are characterized by violent explosions and ash clouds.
Effusive eruptions are characterized by violent explosions and ash clouds.
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What is the primary cause of Plinian eruptions?
What is the primary cause of Plinian eruptions?
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Pyroclastic _____ refers to the glowing hot material that moves down the slope of an erupting volcano.
Pyroclastic _____ refers to the glowing hot material that moves down the slope of an erupting volcano.
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Match the type of eruption with its description:
Match the type of eruption with its description:
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What influences the rate of lava flow on a volcano?
What influences the rate of lava flow on a volcano?
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A lahar is exclusively formed from volcanic explosions.
A lahar is exclusively formed from volcanic explosions.
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Define pyroclastic surge.
Define pyroclastic surge.
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Which type of volcano is known for being the most dangerous?
Which type of volcano is known for being the most dangerous?
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All volcanoes are considered active if they have erupted in the last 10,000 years.
All volcanoes are considered active if they have erupted in the last 10,000 years.
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What is magma called once it reaches the surface?
What is magma called once it reaches the surface?
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The Pacific Ring of Fire affects ___ continents.
The Pacific Ring of Fire affects ___ continents.
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Which type of volcano is typically low and broad, formed by loose and fluid lava?
Which type of volcano is typically low and broad, formed by loose and fluid lava?
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Calderas are formed by the accumulation of lava on the surface of a volcano.
Calderas are formed by the accumulation of lava on the surface of a volcano.
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Name one of the six most active volcanoes in the Philippines.
Name one of the six most active volcanoes in the Philippines.
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Match the volcano type to its description:
Match the volcano type to its description:
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A volcano that has no magma supply and no record of eruption is classified as ___
A volcano that has no magma supply and no record of eruption is classified as ___
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What geological process occurs at convergent boundaries to form magma?
What geological process occurs at convergent boundaries to form magma?
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Volcanoes can be formed when magma flows over the crust and builds layers.
Volcanoes can be formed when magma flows over the crust and builds layers.
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What is a smaller opening in the Earth’s surface through which volcanic materials escape called?
What is a smaller opening in the Earth’s surface through which volcanic materials escape called?
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Which gas is NOT typically found in the gases emitted from volcanoes?
Which gas is NOT typically found in the gases emitted from volcanoes?
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The six most active volcanoes in the Philippines include Mayon, Taal, and ___
The six most active volcanoes in the Philippines include Mayon, Taal, and ___
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What layer of the Earth does magma try to escape from?
What layer of the Earth does magma try to escape from?
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Study Notes
Volcanoes
- Volcanoes are classified by morphology (shape) and activity.
- Cinder cones are formed by ejected lava. They are short-lived and have a steep, cone-shaped structure.
- Shield volcanoes are created by the flow and layering of fluid lava. They are low and broad, with gently sloping sides.
- Composite volcanoes, also called stratovolcanoes, are built up by layers of viscous lava, ash, and rock. They have steep sides.
Types of Volcanic Activity
- Active volcanoes have shown recent activity (within the last 10,000 years).
- Dormant volcanoes haven't erupted recently but could erupt again in the future.
- Extinct volcanoes are unlikely to erupt again.
Magma Formation
- Magma is semi-molten rock that rises from the Earth's mantle.
- Magma formation happens at convergent boundaries where one tectonic plate moves under another, or due to decompression melting.
What is a Volcano
- A volcano is an elevated landform with an opening called a crater, from which lava, rock fragments, steam, gases, ash, heat, and other volcanic materials are ejected.
Parts of a Volcano
- Crater - the vent opening of a volcano.
- Parasitic cone - a small opening around the vent where volcanic materials can escape.
- Ash cloud - a cloud of ash formed during eruptions.
- Vent - an opening in the Earth's surface through which volcanic materials escape.
- Conduit - an underground passage through which magma travels.
- Lava flow - a mass of molten rock ejected during an eruption.
- Volcanic bombs - fragments of molten rock ejected during an eruption.
- Magma chamber - a large underground pool of liquid rock beneath the surface.
- Flank - a side of the volcano.
- Multiple layers of lava and ash -layers of solidified lava and the material ejected during an eruption.
Eruption Types
- Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by highly fluid lava flowing out of several vents.
- Strombolian eruptions involve the continuous ejection of magma and gas, creating volcanic bombs and cinder cones.
- Vulcanian eruptions are characterized by thick viscous magma and a dense cloud of ash-laden gas, often starting with phreatomagmatic eruptions.
- Plinian eruptions are the most violent. They involve the build-up of viscous magma and dissolved gas, accompanied by fast-flowing pyroclastic debris and lahars.
Volcanic Hazards
- Ash cloud blasts occur from hot bursts of trapped gases.
- Volcanic gases are released from active and inactive volcanoes. These include water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen gas, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen sulfide, and sulfur dioxide..
- Lava flow refers to the movement of molten rock down the slopes of volcanic vents.
- Pyroclastic flows are glowing hot materials travelling down the slope of an erupting volcano after contact with the ground.
- Pyroclastic surge refers to the ejection of volcanic materials (gases, ash, rock fragments, water) above the ground.
- Lahars are mudflows or flows of volcanic debris, which can be primary (hot) or secondary (cold).
- Various other results, namely, dome growth, Tephra, and tsunami.
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Description
Test your knowledge of different types of volcanic eruptions, their characteristics, and associated phenomena. This quiz will challenge you with questions about effusive and explosive eruptions, as well as key terms related to volcanic activity. Prepare to explore the fascinating world of volcanoes!
