Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following risk groups is particularly susceptible to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
Which of the following risk groups is particularly susceptible to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
- Elderly individuals
- Individuals with diabetes
- Adolescents and young adults (correct)
- People with asthma
What is the primary mode of transmission for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
- Direct blood contact
- Contaminated surfaces
- Airborne particles
- Saliva and close contact (correct)
Which of the following conditions is associated with latency of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
Which of the following conditions is associated with latency of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)?
- Hypothyroidism
- Type 2 diabetes
- Chronic bronchitis
- Burkitt's lymphoma (correct)
What is a key characteristic of Infectious Mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr Virus?
What is a key characteristic of Infectious Mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr Virus?
What approach is emphasized for the prevention of Epstein-Barr Virus exposure?
What approach is emphasized for the prevention of Epstein-Barr Virus exposure?
What genetic material do human herpesviruses possess?
What genetic material do human herpesviruses possess?
Which mechanism is NOT used by herpesviruses for release from host cells?
Which mechanism is NOT used by herpesviruses for release from host cells?
What triggers the reactivation of latent herpesviruses?
What triggers the reactivation of latent herpesviruses?
What type of infections can herpesviruses cause?
What type of infections can herpesviruses cause?
Which of the following populations is at risk for HSV-1 infection?
Which of the following populations is at risk for HSV-1 infection?
What feature is commonly associated with herpesviruses regarding their lifecycle?
What feature is commonly associated with herpesviruses regarding their lifecycle?
How is transmission of HSV primarily achieved?
How is transmission of HSV primarily achieved?
Which herpesvirus is associated with the capability to immortalize host cells?
Which herpesvirus is associated with the capability to immortalize host cells?
Which clinical manifestation is commonly associated with HSV-1?
Which clinical manifestation is commonly associated with HSV-1?
What is the primary diagnostic method for HSV infections?
What is the primary diagnostic method for HSV infections?
What preventive measure can healthcare workers take when dealing with HSV?
What preventive measure can healthcare workers take when dealing with HSV?
Which of the following correctly describes the pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) during initial infection?
Which of the following correctly describes the pathogenesis of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) during initial infection?
What is often observed during the reactivation of VZV later in life?
What is often observed during the reactivation of VZV later in life?
What is the most common cause of viral birth defects in the US?
What is the most common cause of viral birth defects in the US?
Which statement about CMV transmission is correct?
Which statement about CMV transmission is correct?
Which population is at higher risk for Shingles?
Which population is at higher risk for Shingles?
Flashcards
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
A type of herpesvirus that can cause infectious mononucleosis and certain cancers.
Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious Mononucleosis
An illness caused by EBV, marked by swollen lymph nodes and fatigue.
Latency
Latency
A hidden stage of viral infection where the virus exists in cells without causing noticeable symptoms.
Transmission of EBV
Transmission of EBV
Signup and view all the flashcards
Risk groups EBV
Risk groups EBV
Signup and view all the flashcards
HSV-1
HSV-1
Signup and view all the flashcards
HSV-2
HSV-2
Signup and view all the flashcards
Herpesviruses
Herpesviruses
Signup and view all the flashcards
Varicella
Varicella
Signup and view all the flashcards
Herpesvirus structure
Herpesvirus structure
Signup and view all the flashcards
Herpes Zoster
Herpes Zoster
Signup and view all the flashcards
Congenital CMV
Congenital CMV
Signup and view all the flashcards
Latency Infections
Latency Infections
Signup and view all the flashcards
CMV
CMV
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reactivation triggers
Reactivation triggers
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chickenpox
Chickenpox
Signup and view all the flashcards
HSV-1 and HSV-2
HSV-1 and HSV-2
Signup and view all the flashcards
HSV transmission
HSV transmission
Signup and view all the flashcards
shingles
shingles
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lifelong HSV Infections
Lifelong HSV Infections
Signup and view all the flashcards
Immune system manipulation
Immune system manipulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Herpesviruses: A Comprehensive Overview
- Herpesviruses are a diverse group of viruses causing various diseases, from mild to severe.
- They possess an icosahedral protein capsid and a lipid envelope with glycoprotein spikes.
- Their genetic material is double-stranded DNA.
- Replication occurs intracellularly within the nucleus, with mechanisms like exocytosis and cell-to-cell spread.
- Herpesviruses can cause a range of infections, including; lytic, persistent, latent, and immortalizing infections.
- Examples of infections include Epstein-Barr virus.
- Herpesviruses manipulate the host's immune response by synthesizing proteins that interfere with the host immune system.
- Latency is established in neurons and immune cells, such as B cells.
- Reactivation is triggered by factors like stress, ultraviolet B exposure, and immunosuppression.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- HSV-1 and HSV-2 establish lifelong infections with recurrent outbreaks.
- Transmission primarily occurs through oral and genital secretions/lesion fluids.
- Transmission can also be via direct contact.
- At-risk populations include children with HSV-1, sexually active adults with HSV-2, healthcare workers, immunocompromised individuals, and neonates.
- HSV-1 is commonly associated with oral herpes (cold sores).
- HSV-2 is commonly associated with genital herpes.
- Diagnosis is usually via PCR and culture methods.
- Treatment involves antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir, which inhibit viral DNA polymerase. However, these do not eliminate latent infections.
- Preventive measures include antiviral prophylaxis, wearing gloves (for healthcare workers), and avoiding contact during active lesions.
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
- VZV can cause chickenpox (varicella) in children as a widespread vesicular rash, and shingles (herpes zoster) in individuals later in life, characterized by painful dermatomal rashes.
- VZV establishes latency and can reactivate in dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia (shingles). This is commonly seen in the elderly and immunocompromised.
- Transmission occurs via respiratory droplets and direct contact.
- Vaccines are available for preventing zoster.
- Young children, adults, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly are at risk.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- CMV is a common cause of congenital birth defects, especially in the US.
- Symptoms in neonates: include hearing loss, microcephaly (small head), and retinitis.
- Symptoms in adults can range from asymptomatic to mononucleosis-like illness and severe disease in immunocompromised individuals.
- Transmission occurs via direct contact with body fluids (saliva, urine, breast milk, and sexual contact).
- Emphasis on avoiding exposure, particularly for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals is a key preventive measure.
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- EBV causes infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever) characterized by lymphocytosis and symptoms arising from a robust T-cell response that targets infected B cells.
- EBV establishes latency in memory B cells and is linked to cancers such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and other lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals.
- Transmission occurs primarily through saliva ("kissing disease") and close contact.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
