5 Questions
What is the outer component of a cell?
Plasma membrane
What are the two sex chromosomes found in humans?
X and Y
What is the main function of the plasma membrane?
To enclose and support the cell contents
What is the approximate composition of the plasma membrane?
Lipids and proteins
How many chromosomes do human cells have?
46
Study Notes
- Cells are the structural and functional unit of a living organism.
- Every cell contains water, protein, carbohydrates, acids, fats, and minerals.
- All human cells originate from a single fertilized egg.
- Cells specialize and give rise to a wide variety of cell types, such as nerve, muscle, bone, fat, and blood cells.
- The plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm compose the cell.
- The plasma or cell membrane is the outer component of a cell. The plasma membrane consists primarily of lipids and proteins and small amounts of carbohydrates.
- Substances outside the plasma membrane are extracellular or intracellular, and substances inside it, are intracellular.
- The functions of the plasma membrane are to enclose and support the cell contents and to determine what moves into and out of the cell.
- The nucleus directs the cell’s activities.
- Cytoplasm, the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane, is approximately half cytosol and half organelles. Cytosol consists of a fluid portion, a cytoskeleton, and cytoplasmic inclusions.
- Organelles are small structures within cells and are specialized for particular functions such as manufacturing proteins or producing ATP. Most organelles have membranes that are similar to the plasma membrane.
- The membranes separate the organelles from the rest of the cytoplasm, creating a subcellular compartment with its own enzymes and capable of carrying out its own unique chemical reactions.
- Mitochondria are small bodies that produce energy in the cell.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is a series of canals within the cell. Some canals contain small bodies called ribosomes. They help make substances for the cell.
- Each human cell has 46 chromosomes, which are arranged into 23 pairs of autosomes.
- Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.
- Sex chromosomes are different in males and females. Males have an X chromosome, while females have a smaller Y chromosome.
Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz covering topics such as cell components, organelles, plasma membrane, nucleus, and chromosomes.
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