Cell Structure and Function Quiz

• Cells are the structural and functional unit of a living organism.
• Every cell contains water, protein, carbohydrates, acids, fats, and minerals.
• All human cells originate from a single fertilized egg.
• Cells specialize and give rise to a wide variety of cell types, such as nerve, muscle, bone, fat, and blood cells.
• The plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm compose the cell.
• The plasma or cell membrane is the outer component of a cell. The plasma membrane consists primarily of lipids and proteins and small amounts of carbohydrates.
• Substances outside the plasma membrane are extracellular or intracellular, and substances inside it, are intracellular.
• The functions of the plasma membrane are to enclose and support the cell contents and to determine what moves into and out of the cell.
• The nucleus directs the cell’s activities.
• Cytoplasm, the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane, is approximately half cytosol and half organelles. Cytosol consists of a fluid portion, a cytoskeleton, and cytoplasmic inclusions.
• Organelles are small structures within cells and are specialized for particular functions such as manufacturing proteins or producing ATP. Most organelles have membranes that are similar to the plasma membrane.
• The membranes separate the organelles from the rest of the cytoplasm, creating a subcellular compartment with its own enzymes and capable of carrying out its own unique chemical reactions.
• Mitochondria are small bodies that produce energy in the cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum is a series of canals within the cell. Some canals contain small bodies called ribosomes. They help make substances for the cell.
• Each human cell has 46 chromosomes, which are arranged into 23 pairs of autosomes.
• Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.
• Sex chromosomes are different in males and females. Males have an X chromosome, while females have a smaller Y chromosome.

Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz covering topics such as cell components, organelles, plasma membrane, nucleus, and chromosomes.