VLAN Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is VLAN tagging used for?

  • To compress network traffic
  • To prioritize network traffic
  • To identify and distinguish VLAN traffic (correct)
  • To encrypt network traffic
  • What does VLAN tagging help to do?

  • Improve network security
  • Distinguish VLAN traffic from other network traffic (correct)
  • Merge multiple networks into one
  • Split a network into smaller subnets
  • What is the main purpose of VLAN tagging protocols?

  • To route network traffic
  • To identify and prioritize network traffic (correct)
  • To secure network traffic
  • To optimize network performance
  • What does VLAN tagging enable?

    <p>Network segmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of VLAN tagging?

    <p>Enhanced network organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of VLAN uses a protocol to define filtering criteria for tags?

    <p>Protocol-based VLAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to define filtering criteria for tags in Protocol-based VLAN?

    <p>Protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of packets are processed in Protocol-based VLAN?

    <p>Untagged packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a protocol in Protocol-based VLAN?

    <p>To define filtering criteria for tags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Protocol-based VLAN?

    <p>It uses protocols to filter packets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol is typically used for VLAN management?

    <p>IEEE ٨٠٢٫١Q</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is VLAN management primarily concerned with?

    <p>Configuring and managing VLANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is VLAN trunking?

    <p>A method of configuring VLANs on multiple switches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in VLAN management?

    <p>Assigning devices to VLANs, configuring VLAN tags, and configuring VLAN trunking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of VLAN tags?

    <p>To identify and segregate network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does network topology refer to?

    <p>The shape of how components are connected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to avoid signal reflection in a bus topology?

    <p>Termination at both ends of the bus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do computers communicate in a ring topology?

    <p>Packets are sent around the circle from computer to computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a single computer fails in a true ring topology?

    <p>The entire network becomes inaccessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bus topology?

    <p>Uses a central hub for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What shape do computers form in a ring topology?

    <p>A circle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about bus topology is TRUE?

    <p>It is an old technology and rarely used today</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network topology permits packet listening by all nodes on a single cable?

    <p>Bus Topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of star topology?

    <p>It requires a central device like a hub or switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of mesh topology?

    <p>The cabling can be complicated and costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is mesh topology most commonly used?

    <p>Metropolitan or Wide Area Networks (MANs or WANs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if a cable fails in a star topology?

    <p>Only the affected device is disconnected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network topology is described as having connections between all devices?

    <p>Mesh Topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a disadvantage of having frequent changes in the network?

    <p>It can lead to network disruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a cable failure affect data transmission in mesh topology?

    <p>Alternative paths are available for data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue with network expansion in a star topology?

    <p>It requires additional hubs or switches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is restricted to a single geographic location?

    <p>Local-Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Metropolitan-Area Network (MAN) primarily connect?

    <p>Various LANs within a city or town</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network uses wireless communication instead of wired connections?

    <p>Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of a Wide-Area Network (WAN)?

    <p>It often requires complex hardware.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which network type typically encompasses an entire college campus?

    <p>Campus-Area Network (CAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is designed for shared storage devices?

    <p>Storage-Area Network (SAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately differentiates a MAN from a WAN?

    <p>A MAN typically covers a city while a WAN can cover wider areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network is commonly utilized by companies with multiple buildings on one site?

    <p>Campus-Area Network (CAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of virtual circuits in networking?

    <p>They provide a dedicated and predictable path for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of communication methods, what is the primary difference between virtual circuit switching and packet switching?

    <p>Virtual circuit switching offers connection-oriented services, whereas packet switching is connectionless.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences the choice between virtual circuits and other networking models?

    <p>The specific requirements of the application and network characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of using virtual circuits?

    <p>They introduce additional complexity and overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an application prefer packet switching over virtual circuits?

    <p>It needs to handle variable network conditions more effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network is specifically designed for personal use and connects devices in close proximity?

    <p>Personal Area Network (PAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is responsible for directing data packets between different networks?

    <p>Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of a switch in a network?

    <p>It forwards data only to the destination device's port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

    <p>It offers block-level data storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology is commonly used in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)?

    <p>Bluetooth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a router in a network?

    <p>To join separate network segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data transfer is typically supported by a Personal Area Network (PAN)?

    <p>Small file transfers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a switch use to determine how to forward data packets?

    <p>MAC addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does network topology refer to?

    <p>The structure of how devices are interconnected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a bus topology?

    <p>A setup using a single backbone cable for all connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of a true ring topology?

    <p>Failure of one computer can disrupt the entire network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required in a bus topology to prevent signal reflection?

    <p>Each end of the bus must be terminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology does NOT require a hub or switch for its configuration?

    <p>Bus Topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do packets traverse through a ring topology?

    <p>They circulate around the ring until they reach the destination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology is considered very old and rarely used today?

    <p>Ring Topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the logical topology of a network?

    <p>The manner in which data is transmitted over the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of virtual circuits in networking?

    <p>They provide a connection-oriented service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key drawback of virtual circuit switching?

    <p>It is less capable of handling dynamic traffic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does packet switching differ from virtual circuits?

    <p>Packet switching uses a connectionless approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What likely influences the decision to use virtual circuits over packet switching?

    <p>The specific application requirements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of packet switching?

    <p>It allows for flexible communication paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using a star topology in a network?

    <p>A break in any single cable does not cause network failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of network topology connects every computer to every other computer directly?

    <p>Mesh topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of mesh topology?

    <p>Complex wiring and high cabling costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is star topology particularly beneficial?

    <p>In settings where central management is desired.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is mesh topology not often chosen for local area networks (LANs)?

    <p>The wiring complexity and high cabling costs are concerning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in star topology when a single cable fails?

    <p>Only the device connected to the failed cable is affected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of mesh topology?

    <p>Every device connects to every other device directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a drawback of star topology compared to mesh topology?

    <p>It has a central point of failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a Storage Area Network (SAN)?

    <p>Offer block-level data storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary feature of a mesh topology?

    <p>All devices are directly connected to every other device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is responsible for joining two network segments?

    <p>Router</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a switch direct packets within a network?

    <p>By utilizing MAC addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes an ad-hoc wireless topology?

    <p>Devices operate independently without a centralized structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology does a Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) primarily utilize?

    <p>Bluetooth or NFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology combines two or more different types of wireless arrangements?

    <p>Hybrid topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of network can small devices such as smartphones and tablets interconnect?

    <p>Personal Area Network (PAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of infrastructure wireless topology?

    <p>Devices communicate through a central router or access point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are mesh topologies considered highly reliable?

    <p>If one node fails, communication can be rerouted through other nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of routing in networking?

    <p>To direct data packets between networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which wireless topology is typically used for temporary networks?

    <p>Ad Hoc topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data access does a SAN provide?

    <p>Block-level operations only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of wireless mesh topology compared to other topologies?

    <p>It requires a significant number of connected devices to be effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about switches is accurate?

    <p>Switches connect multiple devices using MAC addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary interaction in a wireless mesh topology?

    <p>Each device communicates with multiple other devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purposes of WANs?

    <p>To interconnect enterprise LANs with remote LANs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which topology allows any site to communicate directly with any other site?

    <p>Full Mesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hub-and-spoke topology is true?

    <p>All communication must pass through the hub.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of a full mesh topology?

    <p>It can require excessive configuration and maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organizations typically access WAN services?

    <p>By paying a fee to service providers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a dual-homed topology?

    <p>It offers redundancy and load balancing but is more costly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a primary reason WANs are necessary for businesses?

    <p>To facilitate communication between geographically separated sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of point-to-point topology?

    <p>Involves a dedicated leased-line connection between two endpoints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of a CSU in digital-leased lines?

    <p>Ensuring connection integrity through error correction and line monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes circuit switching from packet switching?

    <p>Circuit switching establishes a dedicated connection before communication starts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options is a key feature of packet-switching networks?

    <p>Allows communication without establishing a dedicated connection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DSU primarily do in a digital-leased line setup?

    <p>Convert line frames into frames understandable by the LAN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example illustrates the principle of circuit switching?

    <p>Making a phone call using PSTN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of connection-oriented systems in packet switching?

    <p>The route for packets is predetermined by the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about latency and cost in comparison between circuit switching and packet switching is correct?

    <p>Packet switching generally has greater latency and is less expensive than circuit switching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Digital Leased Lines requiring both CSU and DSU?

    <p>They ensure proper signal termination and interpretation for effective data transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary requirement when implementing a WAN for a business like SPAN Engineering?

    <p>Subscribing to an external WAN service provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the evolution of SPAN Engineering's network as it grew?

    <p>It transitioned from a small to medium business with multiple subnetworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of WAN operations, which OSI model layers are primarily involved?

    <p>Physical and Data Link layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) in WAN connections?

    <p>It is the hardware located at the customer's site connecting to the WAN service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of network configuration did SPAN Engineering initially use as a small office?

    <p>A single Local Area Network (LAN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) in a WAN setup?

    <p>It transmits data over WAN using customer devices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Demarcation Point' refer to in WAN terminology?

    <p>The point separating customer equipment from service provider equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which WAN connection feature is mainly focused on flow control and encapsulation?

    <p>Layer 2 protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant change in SPAN Engineering's IT structure as the company grew?

    <p>It established an in-house IT staff for network maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of WAN connection do branch offices of SPAN Engineering use that are located in nearby cities?

    <p>Private dedicated lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way SPAN seeks to improve its profitability regarding network management?

    <p>Reducing operating expenses related to network services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did SPAN Engineering handle its IT needs at the start of its operations?

    <p>By relying on support services from their DSL provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a WAN for a company like SPAN Engineering?

    <p>It allows remote offices to access centralized data and applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically required for Layer 1 protocols in WAN operations?

    <p>Electrical and mechanical connection standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Network Topologies

    • Network topology refers to the arrangement and connection layout of computers and network components, encompassing both physical and logical layouts.
    • Physical topology deals with the actual setup of cables and devices, while logical topology describes how the network appears to its users.

    Types of Wired Topologies

    • Bus Topology

      • Utilizes a central backbone cable; all nodes connect to this single cable.
      • Each device taps into the cable to receive data packets.
      • Requires terminators at both ends to prevent signal reflection.
      • An older technology, rarely used in modern networks.
    • Ring Topology

      • Each computer connects in a circular formation, passing packets sequentially.
      • A single failure (computer or cable) disrupts the entire network.
      • No hub or switch is needed; impractical in frequently changing environments.
    • Star Topology

      • All devices connect to a central hub or switch, facilitating easy management and expansion.
      • Each device uses a separate cable to connect, minimizing the impact of individual cable failures.
    • Mesh Topology

      • Every device connects directly to every other device, enhancing redundancy.
      • Complicated wiring and high cabling costs limit practical use in small networks; more common in metropolitan or wide area networks.

    Types of Wireless Topologies

    • Wireless topologies mirror wired topologies but utilize wireless communication technologies, often integrating components like routers and access points.

    Types of Networks Based on Geographic Area

    • LAN (Local Area Network)

      • Restricted to a small geographical area (e.g., single building or campus).
    • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

      • A LAN that employs wireless communication instead of physical cables.
    • WAN (Wide Area Network)

      • Covers multiple locations, connecting several LANs; generally slower and more complex than LANs due to required hardware.
    • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

      • Smaller than WANs, covering areas like cities or towns; often provided by ISPs.
    • CAN (Campus Area Network)

      • Links multiple LANs across a defined geographical area, such as a college campus or business campus.
    • SAN (Storage Area Network)

      • A specialized network for connecting shared storage devices, offering block-level data storage.
    • PAN (Personal Area Network)

      • Personal networks for close-range device communication (e.g., smartphones and laptops), often utilizing Bluetooth or NFC technologies.

    Network Devices

    • Router

      • Connects different networks, routing data between them (e.g., home office routers connecting to the Internet).
    • Switch

      • Interconnects multiple devices within a network, sending data only to the correct destination device based on MAC addresses.

    Routing and Switching Methods

    • Routing

      • The process of directing data packets across networks; performed by routers to ensure packets reach their correct destinations.
    • Virtual Circuits

      • A connection-oriented service providing a dedicated communication path, adding complexity compared to connectionless packet switching, which is more adaptable and scalable.

    Network Topologies Overview

    • Network topology defines the arrangement of devices in a network, comprising both physical and logical layouts.
    • Physical topology refers to the real-world layout of cables and devices, while logical topology illustrates how the network appears to users.

    Wired Network Topologies

    Bus Topology

    • Connects all computers in a linear fashion via a single backbone cable.
    • Each node taps into the cable to access data packets.
    • Requires terminators at both ends of the cable to prevent signal reflection.
    • Considered outdated and not widely used today.

    Ring Topology

    • Each computer is connected in a closed loop, with data packets traveling in one direction.
    • Each node examines packets to determine if they are intended for it.
    • A failure in any node or connection disrupts the entire network.
    • Rarely used due to issues with network changes and reliability.

    Star Topology

    • All devices connect to a central hub or switch, forming a star shape.
    • Each device has a dedicated cable to the hub, allowing for easy network expansion.
    • If one cable fails, it does not affect the rest of the network.
    • One of the most popular topologies for both home and office networks.

    Mesh Topology

    • Devices connect to every other device, offering multiple pathways for data.
    • Provides high redundancy; single cable failures can still allow communication through alternate paths.
    • Complicated wiring and high costs make it less common in LAN settings but useful in metropolitan or wide area networks.

    Wireless Network Topologies

    Infrastructure Wireless Topology

    • Devices communicate through a central access point such as a wireless router.
    • Common in home and office networks for internet connectivity.

    Ad Hoc Wireless Topology

    • Allows devices to connect directly with one another without a central access point.
    • Often used in temporary or mobile settings, like peer-to-peer connections.

    Wireless Mesh Topology

    • Every device connects to all others, ensuring reliability through rerouting of data if one node fails.
    • Ideal for highly available networks but more complex than traditional setups.

    Hybrid Topology

    • Combines multiple types of wireless topologies to create a flexible and adaptable network.

    Geographic-Based Networks

    Personal Area Network (PAN)

    • A small network focused on personal devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets).
    • Incorporates wireless technologies, forming Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN).
    • Commonly uses Bluetooth or NFC for data exchange.

    Network Devices

    Router

    • Interconnects networks, routing data between them.
    • An example includes a small office/home office router connecting to the Internet.

    Switch

    • Connects multiple computers in a network using cable connections.
    • Efficiently forwards data only to the port connected to the destination device, based on MAC addresses.

    Routing and Switching

    Routing

    • The process of directing data packets across networks to ensure they reach their destinations.
    • Utilizes routers to make routing decisions.

    Virtual Circuits

    • A communication method in packet-switched networks providing a connection-oriented service.
    • Offers a predictable path for data, but adds complexity and overhead compared to connectionless methods.
    • Choice of method depends on application requirements and network characteristics.

    Purpose of WANs

    • WANs connect LANs over larger geographic distances, interlinking enterprises with remote locations and branch offices.
    • Service providers own WANs, unlike LANs, which are typically organization-owned. Fees are incurred for WAN services.
    • WANs facilitate communication for remote sites, enabling data, voice, and video transport.

    Necessity of WANs

    • Without WANs, LANs remain isolated, hindering communication between distant sites.
    • Businesses require inter-office communication for sharing data, especially for regional and branch offices.
    • Increased connectivity needs arise from mobile employees and consumer interactions with online services.

    WAN Topologies

    • Various topologies are utilized to interconnect sites via WANs. Key examples include:
      • Point-to-Point: Direct, dedicated connections like T1/E1 lines between two endpoints.
      • Hub-and-Spoke: Central hub connects multiple spoke sites, facilitating shared access.
      • Full Mesh: Allows direct communication between all sites but requires more virtual circuits.
      • Dual-homed: Offers redundancy and load balancing, though more expensive and complex to set up.

    Evolving Networks

    • Companies focus on optimizing network efficiency to boost profitability during economic downturns.
    • Networks must adapt as companies expand, illustrated by SPAN Engineering’s growth from local to global scale.

    Small Office Setup

    • SPAN Engineering has 15 employees, utilizing a single LAN for VoIP, peripheral sharing, and internet access via DSL.

    Campus Network Expansion

    • After five years, SPAN expands infrastructure, transitioning to several subnetworks within a multi-floor office building.

    Branch Networking

    • As SPAN opens branch offices, a WAN is implemented to enable remote access to the central data center.
    • Local branches use dedicated lines, while international branches rely on the Internet for connectivity.

    Distributed Network Maturity

    • SPAN Engineering reaches a global presence with thousands of employees, requiring sophisticated network services for efficiency and cost reduction.

    WAN Operations and OSI Model

    • WANs operate mainly at the OSI Model's Physical and Data Link layers, focusing on physical addressing and flow control.
    • Various authorities set standards for WAN access including TIA/EIA, ISO, and IEEE.

    Common WAN Terminology

    • Customer Premises Equipment (CPE): Devices at the enterprise edge that connect to a carrier.
    • Data Communications Equipment (DCE): Interfaces connecting customers to the WAN.
    • Data Terminal Equipment (DTE): Devices sending data for WAN transmission.
    • Demarcation Point: Divides customer and service provider equipment.
    • Local Loop: Connects CPE to Central Office (CO).
    • Central Office (CO): Service provider facility connecting to the network.

    WAN Devices

    • Dialup modem: Converts digital signals for public telephone networks.
    • Access server: Manages dial-up communications.
    • Broadband modem: Used with high-speed Internet connections, operating at higher frequencies.
    • CSU/DSU: Ensures digital signal integrity and compatibility with LAN frames.
    • Router: Connects networks and allows WAN access.
    • Core router/Multilayer switch: Operates within the WAN backbone.

    Circuit Switching

    • Establishes dedicated channels between nodes before communication begins.
    • Examples include PSTN and ISDN, with communication requiring completed connections prior to data exchange.

    Packet Switching

    • Splits data into packets routed over shared networks without pre-established circuits.
    • Connectionless systems (e.g., Internet) carry full addressing in each packet, while connection-oriented systems (e.g., Frame Relay) utilize route identifiers.
    • Packet switching tends to be cheaper than circuit switching but faces higher latency and jitter.

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