VLAN Frame Handling and 802.1Q Protocol

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary factor for determining the Designated Router (DR) when multiple routers have the same priority?

  • The longest uptime
  • The highest router ID (correct)
  • The lowest MAC address
  • The lowest IP address

Which of the following lengths cannot be the length of the IPv4 packet header?

  • 60B
  • 64B (correct)
  • 20B
  • 32B

How many separate Designated Routers (DRs) would be elected in a network with four separate multi-access segments?

  • 8
  • 2
  • 4 (correct)
  • 1

What is the current state of the Eth-Trunk1.100 interface?

<p>UP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In inter-VLAN communication, what role does a router play between different VLANs?

<p>Separates VLANs into different broadcast domains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum bandwidth (BW) for Eth-Trunk1.100?

<p>2G (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authentication modes does AAA support on Huawei ARG3 series routers?

<p>None (A), HWTACACS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to recover a VLANIF interface that has been shut down?

<p>undo shutdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interval of the last line protocol uptime for the Eth-Trunk1.100?

<p>2 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hop address in static routing?

<p>Determines the next hop towards the destination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IP address is assigned to Eth-Trunk1.100?

<p>10.0.12.2/24 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command will change the state of a VLANIF interface to down?

<p>shutdown (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When configuring single-arm routing, what must be set up on the router interface for inter-VLAN communication?

<p>Sub-interfaces for each VLAN (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the input bandwidth utilization for the Eth-Trunk1.100?

<p>0% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hardware address is associated with the Eth-Trunk1.100 interface?

<p>00e0-fc3b-2015 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the output listed is correct?

<p>Input packets are greater than output packets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an action results in an immediate loss of connectivity for a Telnet session?

<p>The session is completely terminated. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which message is used for link service negotiation after link authentication is completed?

<p>Association (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many working modes are supported by Huawei Enterprise AP?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be concluded about the IPv6 address 2001:ABEF:224E:FFE2:BCC0:CD00:DDBE:8D58?

<p>It cannot be abbreviated at all. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are planes that a network device has?

<p>Data plane (A), Control plane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs first after link authentication is completed?

<p>The device initiates link service negotiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subnet is not covered by the route entry 10.0.0.24/29?

<p>10.0.0.22/30 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Association message in wireless networking?

<p>To complete link authentication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which description of the Router ID in OSPF is accurate?

<p>The Router ID is required for all routers in an OSPF network. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which network type is not supported by the OSPF protocol?

<p>Mesh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of IP address is represented by 2001:ABEF:224E:FFE2:BCC0:CD00:DDBE:8D58?

<p>IPv6 address (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary improvement of RSTP over traditional STP?

<p>Introduction of edge ports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is not a reason why RSTP improves convergence speed?

<p>Forward Delay canceled (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA) network in OSPF?

<p>Requires manual configuration of neighbors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the priority of direct routes being set to 0 indicate?

<p>It has the lowest routing priority. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In OSPF, what is the result of a router being assigned the lowest Router ID?

<p>It is less likely to be elected as the backup designated router. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the command user privilege level 3 achieve in a Huawei device?

<p>Restricts user access to the device to only allow execution of commands at privilege level 3 or lower. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the command deny source 200.0.12.0 0.0.0.7 in an ACL rule?

<p>It prevents access to hosts with IP addresses in the range from 200.0.12.0 to 200.0.12.8. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for an AP to automatically discover an AC when they are on separate Layer 3 networks?

<p>Broadcasting method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the default priority value of a switch in a spanning tree protocol (STP) environment?

<p>32768 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a DHCP client need to renew its IP address lease?

<p>The client's lease period has almost expired. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstances could a Telnet user be denied the ability to configure a device's interface settings?

<p>If the user's Telnet privilege level is set too low. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What purpose does the user-interface vty command serve in a Huawei device configuration?

<p>Configures the device's virtual terminal interface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the authentication-node password command in a Huawei device?

<p>Configures a password for accessing Telnet. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum negotiation rate supported by the IEEE 802.11g standard?

<p>54Mbps (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which SNMP packet type is sent as a response from the agent to the network management system?

<p>Response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of applying the silent-interface command in OSPF configuration on RTA?

<p>RTA will still process OSPF packets received. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When routing a packet from the network 10.0.12.1/24 to 11.0.12.1/24, which MAC address is used as the destination MAC?

<p>MAC-D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which router role is elected based on the priority of routers in an OSPF network?

<p>DR (Designated Router) (B), BDR (Backup Designated Router) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statements correctly describe the behavior of the silent-interface command in OSPF?

<p>It prevents the interface from sending Hello packets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many SNMP packet types can the Agent send to the Network Management System?

<p>4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In determining OSPF roles, what does 'priority' signify?

<p>It is a deciding factor in DR and BDR election. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Immediate loss of connectivity

Occurs when actions disrupt a Telnet session instantly.

Link service negotiation

Process initiated by STA after link authentication to establish service.

Association message

Message used to achieve link service negotiation in networking.

Huawei AP working modes

Modes supported include Local, Cloud, FIT, and FAT.

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IPv6 address abbreviation

IPv6 address cannot be abbreviated if it lacks consecutive zero sections.

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Control plane

Responsible for routing and signaling in a network device.

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Data plane

Handles the actual data transmission in network devices.

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Business plane

Plane that oversees management and operational policies in a network.

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Eth-Trunk1.100

A specific aggregated Ethernet interface used for linking multiple connections.

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IP address of Eth-Trunk1.100

The IP address assigned to Eth-Trunk1.100 is 10.0.12.2 with a subnet mask of /24.

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Current bandwidth utilization

Both input and output bandwidth utilization of Eth-Trunk1.100 is 0%.

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MAC address table

The table that maps MAC addresses to specific ports for frame forwarding.

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AAA authentication modes

Authentication methods supported by Huawei ARG3 series routers include Local, HWTACACS, but not 802.1x.

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Sub-interface number

The number indicating the sub-interface is 100 in the Eth-Trunk1.100 interface.

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Data frame forwarding

Switches use MAC address tables to forward data frames to the correct port based on MAC address association.

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Input/output rate

The last 300 seconds input and output rates for Eth-Trunk1.100 were both 0 bits/sec.

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Management Plane

The layer in networking responsible for managing and controlling network devices.

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Router ID in OSPF

An identifier for a router in OSPF, used for routing decisions and neighbor relationships.

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Route Aggregation

Combining multiple subnet routes into a single summarized route.

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OSPF Network Types

Different network configurations supported by OSPF protocol include Point-to-Point, Non-Broadcast Multi-Access, Point-to-Multipoint, and Broadcast.

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RSTP

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol that improves the convergence speed of the network.

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Forward Delay in RSTP

The time a port remains in the listening and learning states before transitioning to forwarding in RSTP.

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OSPF Direct Route Priority

In OSPF, direct routes have a higher routing priority than indirect routes, typically with a priority of 0.

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IP Route Entry

A record in a routing table that contains network address, subnet mask, and next-hop information.

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ACL rule

Access Control List rule that regulates traffic based on IP addresses.

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IP address range

A set of IP addresses defined between a start and end point.

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Telnet user levels

Different privilege levels determining user permissions in Telnet.

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Privilege level 3

A specific user access level allowing certain commands in Telnet.

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AP and AC discovery

Methods for Access Points to find Access Controllers across networks.

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Broadcasting method

A technique where messages are sent to all devices in the network.

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DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for assigning IP addresses automatically.

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User authority level

The rank assigned to a user that defines what they can do.

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Designated Router (DR)

The router elected to manage OSPF communication in a multi-access network.

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Backup Designated Router (BDR)

The router elected as a standby to the Designated Router in OSPF.

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OSPF

Open Shortest Path First, a routing protocol used in IP networks.

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IPv4 Packet Header Length

The size of the header in an IPv4 packet, which can vary but not exceed 60 bytes.

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Inter-VLAN Communication

The process that allows data transfer between different VLANs using a router.

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Broadcast Domain

A logical division of a network where all nodes can receive broadcast messages from each other.

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Sub-interface

A virtual interface created on a router to manage traffic for one VLAN or logical network segment.

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Undo Shutdown Command

A command used to activate a disabled VLAN interface in routers.

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IEEE 802.11g Maximum Rate

The highest negotiation rate supported by the IEEE 802.11g standard is 54Mbps.

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SNMP Response Packet

The SNMP packet sent to the NMS by the Agent on the managed device is a Response packet.

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Silent-Interface Command Effect

The silent-interface command in OSPF causes the router to stop sending OSPF packets but still receive them.

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OSPF Neighbor Relationship

In OSPF, neighbors are formed through Hello packets, which must be sent for relationships to exist.

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Routing MAC Address Usage

When a packet crosses networks, the router's MAC address for outbound interface is used as the destination MAC.

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OSPF Designated Router (DR)

The Designated Router in OSPF election depends on the router priority.

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OSPF Hello Packets

OSPF Hello packets are crucial for establishing and maintaining neighbor relationships.

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SNMP Get-Request

The SNMP Get-Request is a packet used by the NMS to request information from the managed device.

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Study Notes

VLAN Frame Handling on Trunk Ports

  • Trunk ports send data frames
  • If the VLAN ID matches the port's PVID (Port VLAN ID) and is allowed by the port, the tag is removed, and the frame is sent
  • If the VLAN ID differs from the PVID, the frame is not dropped but forwarded.
  • The tag is stripped and the frame is forwarded.

VLAN ID Bit Length

  • A VLAN ID is 12 bits long in the IEEE 802.1Q format.

802.1Q Tag Details

  • TPID (Tag Protocol Identifier): Identifies the frame type, 0x8100 for IEEE 802.1Q frames
  • PRI (Priority): Indicates the frame priority used for QoS (Quality of Service)
  • CFI (Canonical Format Indicator): Indicates whether the MAC address is in canonical format. For Ethernet, it's 0.
  • VLAN ID: Identifies the VLAN to which a frame belongs.

Host MAC Address on Switch

  • The MAC address of host B corresponds to interface Eth-Trunk 1 on switch A

Designated Ports on Root Bridge

  • All ports on the root bridge are designated ports

Designated Port Function

  • A designated port forwards Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDU) to the downstream switching device
  • The device that owns the designated port is the designated bridge on that network segment

Bridge ID Unlikely to Appear

  • Bridge ID 2048 00-01-02-03-04-CC is not likely to be seen

VLAN Creation using Batch Commands

  • "vlan batch 10 20" creates VLANs 10 and 20
  • "vlan batch 10 to 20" also creates VLANs 10 and 20

Root Bridge in STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)

  • A root bridge's default path cost in STP is 0.

Network Access Restrictions

  • An ACL (Access Control List) rule can filter network traffic to restrict host access to the internet during specific hours. This rule is applied to the traffic/filter outbound in the Go/0/1 interface allocation

Network Access Restrictions (ACL Rule)

  • An administrative rule (ACL) to restrict host access to the internet between 8:00 and 17:00 on all days needs an ACL rule that denies access during those times via the Go/0/1 interface allocation

Incorrect ACL Rule

  • A rule denying traffic from 200.0.12.0 to 200.0.12.7 prevents hosts with those IP adresses, including 200.0.12.8 from accessing the internet

SNMP Packets Sent by Device

  • The managed device sends Get-Next-Request, and Response packets to the network management system (NMS).

Output Interface for VLAN Communication

  • Inter-VLAN communication through single arm routing needs configuration on the G0/0/1 interface of the RTA

Network Device Planes

  • A network device has control, data, and management planes

OSPF Network Types

  • OSPF can operate on point-to-point, broadcast, and non-broadcast multiple-access network types

RSTP Convergence Speed

  • Edge Port introduction and fast switching of root ports are factors that improve STP convergence speed.

IPv4 Packet Header Length

  • 60B is not a possible IPv4 Packet header length.

OSPF DR and BDR Roles

  • The router with the highest router ID is elected as the DR; the router with the second highest router ID is the BDR

VLAN ID Usage on Trunk Port

  • A trunk port can convey VLAN tagged or untagged frames.
  • In the case of a trunk port, a frame with the same VLAN ID as the interface PVID will have the tag stripped and forwarded. A frame with a differing VLAN ID will be forwarded with the tag.

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