Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of reconstituting medications for intravenous therapy?
What is the main purpose of reconstituting medications for intravenous therapy?
Which of the following describes a central venous catheter?
Which of the following describes a central venous catheter?
What is a key difference between peripheral and central infusions?
What is a key difference between peripheral and central infusions?
Which clinical situation would most likely require a central line?
Which clinical situation would most likely require a central line?
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In the event of hypovolemic shock, which assessment would most likely be a priority?
In the event of hypovolemic shock, which assessment would most likely be a priority?
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What is the primary rationale for using saline locks in intermittent infusions?
What is the primary rationale for using saline locks in intermittent infusions?
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Which diagnostic test is most relevant in assessing a client with septic shock?
Which diagnostic test is most relevant in assessing a client with septic shock?
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Which nursing action is essential prior to blood transfusion?
Which nursing action is essential prior to blood transfusion?
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What is the primary purpose of a chest tube?
What is the primary purpose of a chest tube?
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Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space?
Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space?
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What is an important aspect of nursing care for a patient with a tracheostomy?
What is an important aspect of nursing care for a patient with a tracheostomy?
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Which of the following factors increases the surgical client's perioperative risk?
Which of the following factors increases the surgical client's perioperative risk?
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When is emergency consent required in a surgical setting?
When is emergency consent required in a surgical setting?
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Which of these is a key component of preoperative teaching?
Which of these is a key component of preoperative teaching?
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Which physiological factor may place the older adult client at increased risk during surgery?
Which physiological factor may place the older adult client at increased risk during surgery?
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What should a nurse consider regarding a client’s wishes for extraordinary measures before airway management?
What should a nurse consider regarding a client’s wishes for extraordinary measures before airway management?
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What is the primary purpose of transferring a client to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)?
What is the primary purpose of transferring a client to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)?
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Which physiological response is commonly associated with postoperative patients?
Which physiological response is commonly associated with postoperative patients?
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Why is ongoing postoperative assessment important?
Why is ongoing postoperative assessment important?
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Which of the following complications is most likely to result from immobility after surgery?
Which of the following complications is most likely to result from immobility after surgery?
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What collaborative role does a nutritionist play in the care of a surgical client?
What collaborative role does a nutritionist play in the care of a surgical client?
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What nutritional assessment element involves looking at dietary habits and preferences?
What nutritional assessment element involves looking at dietary habits and preferences?
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What is a benefit of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) in postoperative pain management?
What is a benefit of Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) in postoperative pain management?
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Which of the following factors might contribute to poor nutrition in the older adult?
Which of the following factors might contribute to poor nutrition in the older adult?
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Study Notes
Intravenous Therapy
- Intravenous (IV) therapy delivers medications and fluids directly into the bloodstream.
- Dosage calculations are essential for administering IV medications, including flow rate, time to completion, and drug reconstitution.
- Reconstituting medications involves mixing a powder with a diluent to create a solution suitable for administration.
- Clinical situations requiring IV fluids include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock.
- Sterile technique is crucial when preparing IV medications to prevent infections.
- IV medications can be administered via IV push (directly into a vein) or infusion (slowly over time).
- Peripheral infusions use veins in the arms or hands, while central infusions access larger veins in the chest or neck, allowing for higher volumes and more concentrated medications.
- Saline locks are used to maintain IV access for intermittent infusions while preventing blood clotting.
Central Lines
- Central venous catheters (CVCs), Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs), and midline catheters are all types of central access devices.
- CVCs are inserted into larger veins near the heart, while PICCs are inserted in a peripheral vein and advanced to the superior vena cava.
- Midline catheters are inserted in an upper extremity vein and can be used for short-term therapies.
- Sterile technique is essential when managing central lines, including dressing changes and medication administration.
Shock
- Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's tissues do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.
- Types of shock include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, neurogenic, and septic shock.
- Assessments are crucial for identifying early warning signs of shock.
- Blood transfusion might be required for hypovolemic shock.
- Monitoring vital signs, urine output, and laboratory values is essential for assessing shock progression.
Airway Management and Ventilation
- Airway management techniques like oral airways, bag-valve-mask ventilation, tracheostomy, and intubation are used to maintain an open airway and deliver oxygen.
- Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusion are conditions that affect the pleural space, potentially impairing lung function.
- Chest tubes help drain air or fluid from the pleural space.
Preoperative Period
- Preoperative assessment identifies risk factors and potential complications related to surgery.
- Drug classifications and their effects on the surgical client should be carefully considered.
- Preadmission clinics facilitate pre-operative assessments, provide education, and address any concerns.
- Informed consent ensures the patient understands the risks and benefits of surgery.
- Preoperative teaching includes information about pain management, post-operative procedures, and recovery expectations.
Postoperative Period
- Postoperative care focuses on monitoring the patient's vital signs, pain management, and recovery.
- Common postoperative complications include atelectasis, pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, hemorrhage, and wound infection.
- Discharge planning includes providing education, referrals, and support for the patient at home.
Malnutrition
- Malnutrition occurs when the body doesn't receive the required amount of nutrients.
- Factors contributing to malnutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, and poor dietary choices.
- Hospitalization can increase the risk of malnutrition due to altered appetite and changes in dietary intake.
- Obesity is a serious health concern associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.
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