Untitled Quiz

Intravenous Therapy

• Intravenous (IV) therapy delivers medications and fluids directly into the bloodstream.
• Dosage calculations are essential for administering IV medications, including flow rate, time to completion, and drug reconstitution.
• Reconstituting medications involves mixing a powder with a diluent to create a solution suitable for administration.
• Clinical situations requiring IV fluids include dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and shock.
• Sterile technique is crucial when preparing IV medications to prevent infections.
• IV medications can be administered via IV push (directly into a vein) or infusion (slowly over time).
• Peripheral infusions use veins in the arms or hands, while central infusions access larger veins in the chest or neck, allowing for higher volumes and more concentrated medications.
• Saline locks are used to maintain IV access for intermittent infusions while preventing blood clotting.

Central Lines

• Central venous catheters (CVCs), Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs), and midline catheters are all types of central access devices.
• CVCs are inserted into larger veins near the heart, while PICCs are inserted in a peripheral vein and advanced to the superior vena cava.
• Midline catheters are inserted in an upper extremity vein and can be used for short-term therapies.
• Sterile technique is essential when managing central lines, including dressing changes and medication administration.

Shock

• Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body's tissues do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients.
• Types of shock include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic, neurogenic, and septic shock.
• Assessments are crucial for identifying early warning signs of shock.
• Blood transfusion might be required for hypovolemic shock.
• Monitoring vital signs, urine output, and laboratory values is essential for assessing shock progression.

Airway Management and Ventilation

• Airway management techniques like oral airways, bag-valve-mask ventilation, tracheostomy, and intubation are used to maintain an open airway and deliver oxygen.
• Pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusion are conditions that affect the pleural space, potentially impairing lung function.
• Chest tubes help drain air or fluid from the pleural space.

Preoperative Period

• Preoperative assessment identifies risk factors and potential complications related to surgery.
• Drug classifications and their effects on the surgical client should be carefully considered.
• Preadmission clinics facilitate pre-operative assessments, provide education, and address any concerns.
• Informed consent ensures the patient understands the risks and benefits of surgery.
• Preoperative teaching includes information about pain management, post-operative procedures, and recovery expectations.

Postoperative Period

• Postoperative care focuses on monitoring the patient's vital signs, pain management, and recovery.
• Common postoperative complications include atelectasis, pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, hemorrhage, and wound infection.
• Discharge planning includes providing education, referrals, and support for the patient at home.

Malnutrition

• Malnutrition occurs when the body doesn't receive the required amount of nutrients.
• Factors contributing to malnutrition include poverty, lack of access to food, and poor dietary choices.
• Hospitalization can increase the risk of malnutrition due to altered appetite and changes in dietary intake.
• Obesity is a serious health concern associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer.