Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a heuristic?
What is a heuristic?
- A simple strategy to make judgments or solve problems efficiently (correct)
- A methodical approach that ensures a solution to a problem
- A tendency to seek information that confirms preconceptions
- A sudden realization of a solution to a problem
Which term describes the tendency to ignore evidence that contradicts one's beliefs?
Which term describes the tendency to ignore evidence that contradicts one's beliefs?
- Confirmation Bias
- Belief Perseverance (correct)
- Overconfidence
- Framing
What distinguishes insight from other problem-solving strategies?
What distinguishes insight from other problem-solving strategies?
- Insight is a conscious, deliberate process
- Insight is based on trial and error
- Insight requires extensive prior knowledge
- Insight involves a sudden realization of a solution (correct)
How can the framing of a situation affect decision-making?
How can the framing of a situation affect decision-making?
What is the primary characteristic of intuition in decision-making?
What is the primary characteristic of intuition in decision-making?
Which statement best describes the concept of prototypes?
Which statement best describes the concept of prototypes?
What cognitive bias involves overestimating the accuracy of one's beliefs?
What cognitive bias involves overestimating the accuracy of one's beliefs?
Which component is NOT part of creativity as defined in psychology?
Which component is NOT part of creativity as defined in psychology?
Flashcards
Cognition
Cognition
The mental processes involved in thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information.
Concept
Concept
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
Prototype
Prototype
The best example or mental image of a category.
Algorithm
Algorithm
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Heuristic
Heuristic
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Confirmation Bias
Confirmation Bias
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Availability Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
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Overconfidence
Overconfidence
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology - Lesson 7: Thinking & Language
- Cognition encompasses mental activities related to thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information.
- Thinking is a mental process using information, knowledge, and experiences to make decisions, solve problems, and generate ideas.
- Concepts are mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
- Prototypes serve as mental images or the best examples within a category.
- Problem-solving strategies include algorithms (methodical procedures guaranteeing a solution) and heuristics (simplified thinking strategies).
- Insight involves a sudden realization of a problem's solution, contrasting with strategy-based solutions.
- Confirmation bias involves seeking and interpreting information confirming existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence.
- Forming good or bad decisions and judgments depends on factors like intuition (effortless feeling or thought), availability heuristic (estimating likelihood based on readily available examples/memories), overconfidence (overestimating the accuracy of beliefs/judgments), belief perseverance (clinging to initial beliefs despite contradictory evidence), and framing (the way an issue is presented—e.g., emphasizing risk vs. benefit has a significant impact on decisions).
- Framing examples often demonstrate how "10% mortality" versus "90% survival" significantly alters risk perception.
- Creativity is defined as producing novel and valuable ideas, composed of five elements: expertise, imaginative thinking skills, a venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment.
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