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What process do young frogs undergo to mature into adults?
What process do young frogs undergo to mature into adults?
All oviparous animals give birth to live young.
All oviparous animals give birth to live young.
False
Name two examples of viviparous animals.
Name two examples of viviparous animals.
Humans and cows
The young ones that differ in appearance from adults are said to undergo __________.
The young ones that differ in appearance from adults are said to undergo __________.
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Match the following animal groups with their classification type:
Match the following animal groups with their classification type:
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What is the process called when the embryo attaches itself to the inner uterine wall?
What is the process called when the embryo attaches itself to the inner uterine wall?
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The average length of the gestation period in humans is 280 days.
The average length of the gestation period in humans is 280 days.
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What is formed when the male gamete fuses with the female gamete?
What is formed when the male gamete fuses with the female gamete?
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The process of specialization of cells to form organs and organ systems is called __________.
The process of specialization of cells to form organs and organ systems is called __________.
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Match the following stages of development with their descriptions:
Match the following stages of development with their descriptions:
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Which hormone produced by the ovaries helps regulate the changes observed in the female body?
Which hormone produced by the ovaries helps regulate the changes observed in the female body?
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The cervix is the upper part of the uterus.
The cervix is the upper part of the uterus.
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What is the purpose of the jelly coat that surrounds the ovum?
What is the purpose of the jelly coat that surrounds the ovum?
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The _______ is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
The _______ is a hollow, pear-shaped organ located between the urinary bladder and the rectum.
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Match the following parts of the male reproductive system with their functions:
Match the following parts of the male reproductive system with their functions:
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What is the primary function of the ovaries?
What is the primary function of the ovaries?
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How often does ovulation occur in human females?
How often does ovulation occur in human females?
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What type of fertilization takes place outside an organism's body?
What type of fertilization takes place outside an organism's body?
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Internal fertilization occurs in most terrestrial animals, such as insects and mammals.
Internal fertilization occurs in most terrestrial animals, such as insects and mammals.
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What process involves the discharge of the egg and the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur?
What process involves the discharge of the egg and the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur?
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The ______ serves as the entrance for sperms into the female body.
The ______ serves as the entrance for sperms into the female body.
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Match the parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
Match the parts of the female reproductive system with their functions:
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Why do aquatic animals often fertilize a large number of eggs?
Why do aquatic animals often fertilize a large number of eggs?
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Females have a single duct for both urinary and vaginal discharge.
Females have a single duct for both urinary and vaginal discharge.
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How often does ovulation typically occur in females?
How often does ovulation typically occur in females?
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Study Notes
Viviparous and Oviparous Animals
- Organisms are categorized as viviparous or oviparous based on how they give birth.
- Viviparous animals give birth to live young.
- Examples of viviparous animals include cats, dogs, rats, cows, deer, and humans.
- Oviparous animals lay eggs.
- Examples of oviparous animals include fish (like Indian salmon), amphibians (like frogs and toads), birds (like parrots and eagles), insects (like grasshoppers), and reptiles (like crocodiles and snakes).
- In oviparous animals, eggs are laid, and development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body.
- Some oviparous animals have internal fertilization, others have external fertilization.
- Incubation is the process of keeping eggs warm to ensure proper development.
From Young Ones to Adults
- The growth and changes in an animal from young to adult stage are called metamorphosis.
- In some species (mammals and birds), young ones resemble the adult form.
- In others (like silkworms, butterflies, frogs), young ones look very different from their adult form; they undergo metamorphosis.
- A frog's life cycle starts as an egg, then turns into a tadpole, which changes and develops legs and lungs eventually becoming a frog.
Reproduction in Humans
- Humans reproduce sexually.
- Fertilization occurs in the oviducts (fallopian tubes).
- The zygote develops into an embryo and then a fetus in the uterus.
- Gestation period is about 9 months.
- In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a technique to assist reproduction when there are problems in natural fertilization.
Fertilization
- Fertilization is the process where a male gamete (sperm) and female gamete (ovum) fuse to form a zygote.
- External fertilization occurs outside the body (fish and frogs).
- Internal fertilization occurs inside the body (most mammals, birds, reptiles, insects).
- Important parts of the human male reproductive system include testes, epididymis, sperm ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper's glands, and the urethra.
- A female reproductive system includes the ovaries, oviducts (or fallopian tubes), uterus, and vagina.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction results in variation among offspring, making them more adaptable to environmental changes.
- Asexual reproduction is faster, but offspring often lack variations, which can make them susceptible to disease.
- Various methods of asexual reproduction include binary fission, budding, and fragmentation.
Asexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction involves a single parent, without the fusion of gametes.
- It leads to genetically similar offspring.
- Some examples include binary fission (in amoeba), budding (in yeast), and fragmentation (in starfish).
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Description
Covers reproduction methods in animals and humans .
