Vitamins Overview and Categories

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Questions and Answers

Which vitamin is known as Thiamin and is associated with polyneuritis in birds?

Vitamin B1 (correct)

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B4

Vitamin B2

What deficiency symptom is associated with Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) in chicks?

Curled toe paralysis (correct)

Black tongue

Severe dermatitis

Goose stepping

Which vitamin deficiency is linked to 'Goose Stepping' in pigs?

Vitamin B3

Vitamin B7

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B5 (correct)

What is a common dermatitis symptom linked to a deficiency in Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?

Alopecia Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin, also known as Biotin, is associated with severe dermatitis?

Vitamin B7 Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is associated with macrocytic anemia and leucopenia?

Vitamin B9 (Folacin or folic acid) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of water-soluble vitamins regarding storage?

They have no storage in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is known to cause scurvy when deficient?

Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Signup and view all the answers

How are fat-soluble vitamins transported in the body?

By lipoprotein Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of pernicious anemia?

Fatigue and weakness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic that distinguishes vitamins from other basic nutrients?

They have distinct requirements, structures, and metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vitamins is associated with night blindness when deficient?

Vitamin A Signup and view all the answers

Which fat-soluble vitamin is known as Tocopherol?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency symptom is associated with Vitamin K?

Hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin is classified as an Anti-Rachitic factor?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for vitamins in the diet of animals?

They must be consumed in minute amounts. Signup and view all the answers

Which fat-soluble vitamin can lead to poor eggshell formation when deficient?

Vitamin D Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin has a deficiency symptom known as Encephalomalacia?

Vitamin E Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds found in food, essential for normal metabolism and health.
They are required in small amounts for normal growth, development, maintenance, and reproduction.
A deficiency of a specific vitamin can lead to a specific disease or syndrome.
Vitamins are categorized into two groups: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, K)

Fat-soluble vitamins are transported by lipoproteins and stored in the liver.
They are not readily excreted and can accumulate in the body, leading to toxicity.
Vitamin A (Retinol): Essential for vision, immune function, growth, and reproduction. Deficiency symptoms include night blindness, keratitis, rough hair coat, and reproduction problems.
Vitamin D (Ergocalciferol and Cholecalciferol): Essential for calcium absorption and bone formation. Deficiency symptoms include rickets, osteomalacia, and poor eggshell formation.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol): Protects cell membranes from damage and plays a role in reproduction. Deficiency symptoms include encephalomalacia and muscular dystrophy in livestock.
Vitamin K (Menaquinone and Menadione): Essential for blood clotting. Deficiency symptoms include hemorrhages.

Water-Soluble Vitamins (B complex & C)

Water-soluble vitamins are transported within fluid compartments of the body and are not stored.
They are readily excreted via urine and generally non-toxic.
Thiamin (B1): Essential for carbohydrate metabolism. Deficiency symptoms include polyneuritis in birds.
Riboflavin (B2): Essential for energy production. Deficiency symptoms include curled toe paralysis in chicks.
Niacin (B3): Essential for energy production and cell function. Deficiency symptoms include black tongue in chicks and dermatitis in pigs.
Choline (B4): Essential for cell membrane function and fat metabolism. Deficiency symptoms include perosis (slipped tendon) in chicks.
Pantothenic acid (B5): Essential for metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Deficiency symptoms include “goose stepping” in pigs.
Pyridoxine (B6): Essential for protein metabolism and nerve function. Deficiency symptoms include dermatitis, alopecia, and convulsions.
Biotin (B7): Essential for fatty acid synthesis. Deficiency symptoms include severe dermatitis.
Folic acid (B9): Important for DNA synthesis and cell division. Deficiency symptoms include macrocytic anemia, and leucopenia.
Cyanocobalamin (B12): Essential for red blood cell formation. Deficiency symptoms include pernicious anemia.
Ascorbic acid (C): Essential for collagen synthesis, antioxidant, and immune function. Deficiency symptoms include scurvy and low immune resistance.

Differences between Fat-soluble and Water-soluble Vitamins

Chemical Composition: Fat-soluble vitamins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Water-soluble vitamins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and some contain nitrogen, sulfur, or cobalt.
Transport: Fat-soluble vitamins are transported by lipoproteins. Water-soluble vitamins are transported by fluids within the body.
Storage: Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver. Water-soluble vitamins are not stored.
Precursors: Fat-soluble vitamins have a provitamin form (e.g., carotene for vitamin A). Water-soluble vitamins do not have precursors.
Excretion: Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted via feces. Water-soluble vitamins are excreted via urine.
Absorption: Fat-soluble vitamin absorption is associated with fat absorption. Water-soluble vitamin absorption is a simple process.
Toxicity: Fat-soluble vitamins can accumulate in the body and become toxic. Water-soluble vitamins are generally non-toxic.

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Description

This quiz covers essential information about vitamins, including their classifications and functions in the body. Explore the differences between fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, and learn the consequences of vitamin deficiencies. Test your knowledge on key vitamins like A, D, E, and K.