Vitamin Discovery and Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What significant discovery did C. Eijkman make in 1890?

  • The classification of vitamins into groups
  • The role of vitamins in energy production
  • A nutritional factor that cures beriberi (correct)
  • The first synthetic vitamin

    • Which statement accurately describes vitamins?

  • They are inorganic compounds essential for body function
  • They provide significant energy for the body
  • They are synthesized in large quantities by the human body
  • They are required in very small amounts for proper body function (correct)

    • Who coined the term 'vitamin' and what does it mean?

  • C. Eijkman; minor nutrient
  • C. Funk; vital amine (correct)
  • C. Funk; synthetic nutrient
  • C. Eijkman; vital amine

    • How are vitamins typically obtained by the human body?

    <p>Primarily through a balanced diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vitamins in the human body?

    <p>They act as essential micronutrients for metabolic processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin's epidermis when stimulated by UVB rays?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the synthesis of Vitamin B₁?

    <p>Thiamine Triphosphate (TTP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins undergoes bacterial synthesis in the gut?

    <p>Vitamin K₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the provitamin for Vitamin A?

    <p>β-Carotene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water-soluble vitamin is involved in the synthesis of Coenzyme A?

    <p>Vitamin B₅</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common causes of vitamin deficiencies?

    <p>Insufficient intake, impaired absorption, and increased needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of vitamin A is considered the most active biological form?

    <p>Trans-retinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are ester forms of retinol like retinyl acetate utilized in the body?

    <p>They are hydrolyzed to produce retinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes carotenoids from retinoids?

    <p>Carotenoids can be converted into retinoids in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a varied diet important in preventing vitamin deficiencies?

    <p>It helps maintain adequate intake with normal needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the absorption of vitamin A and carotenoids?

    <p>Fatty acids and bile salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of vitamin A absorption is considered efficient?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form is excess vitamin A primarily stored in the liver?

    <p>Retinyl palmitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type captures the RBP-retinol complex?

    <p>Target cells using STRA6 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the irreversible oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid?

    <p>Aldehyde dehydrogenases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that helps conserve vitamin A through reabsorption into the bloodstream?

    <p>Enterohepatic cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary source is NOT listed as a source of vitamin A?

    <p>Rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin A metabolic reaction is NOT mentioned as part of vitamin A metabolism?

    <p>Decarboxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT a role of vitamin A?

    <p>Bone density maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food source contains the highest amount of vitamin A?

    <p>Cod liver oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is accurate?

    <p>Vitamin A is essential for immune development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of severe vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Retinal dysfunction and corneal damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamins are classified as fat-soluble?

    <p>Vitamins A, D, E, K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of water-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Excretion of excess amounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin plays a vital role in antioxidant function?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from a deficiency in water-soluble vitamins?

    <p>Hypovitaminosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is NOT involved in proton and electron transfer?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary dietary source of cholecalciferol (D3)?

    <p>Fish liver oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin D metabolite is synthesized in the distal renal tubule?

    <p>Calcitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the synthesis of calcitriol?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs when vitamin D is incorporated into mixed micelles?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is vitamin D synthesized in the body?

    <p>By exposure to UV light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the properties of Vitamin E?

    <p>Vitamin E is stable to heat but sensitive to oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main metabolites involved in the absorption of Vitamin E?

    <p>Bile salts and fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following populations is at risk of osteomalacia due to Vitamin E deficiency?

    <p>Adults with liver disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most biologically active form of Vitamin E?

    <p>RRR-α-tocopherol.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the structure of Vitamin E vary among its homologues?

    <p>The differences are based on the number and position of methyl groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of calcitriol in the body?

    <p>To elevate calcium and phosphate levels in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D₃) produced in the body?

    <p>By the liver converting vitamin D₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can arise from vitamin D deficiency in children?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does 1,25(OH)₂D have on parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis?

    <p>It inhibits PTH synthesis and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of vitamin D is biologically active?

    <p>Calcitriol (1,25(OH)₂D₃)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential effect of excessive vitamin D intake?

    <p>Increased intestinal calcium absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the major storage sites for vitamin D in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissue and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to hereditary diseases?

    <p>Those with lack of 1α-hydroxylase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary transport protein for Vitamin D metabolites in the bloodstream?

    <p>Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are primarily affected by calcitriol's mechanism of action?

    <p>Kidney, Bone, and Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Vitamin D stored in the body?

    <p>Adipose tissue and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Vitamin D2 from Vitamin D3 at the molecular level?

    <p>Absence of a methyl group at C24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Vitamin D and its derivatives eliminated from the body?

    <p>Via the fecal route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamin Metabolism

    • Vitamins are organic micronutrients, not building materials, needed in small amounts for bodily functions
    • Humans cannot produce certain vitamins, and must obtain them through diet
    • They are categorized as either water-soluble or fat-soluble
    • Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed by micelles with the presence of bile salts.
    • Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed passively through the intestines and excreted by the kidney
    • Vitamin A: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, carotenoids. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and adipose tissue.
    • Vitamin A metabolism involves conversion to different forms, storage, and transport to cells.
    • Excess vitamin A is stored in the liver, and in fat cells.
    • Excess vitamin A can be harmful.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the discovery of vitamins and their vital roles in human health. This quiz covers significant contributions like C. Eijkman's work, the synthesis of vitamins, and the consequences of vitamin deficiencies. Dive deep into the world of micronutrients and their importance in our diet.

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