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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of macrocytic anemia in vitamin B12 deficiency?
What is the primary characteristic of macrocytic anemia in vitamin B12 deficiency?
- Red blood cells are smaller than normal
- Red blood cells are more numerous than normal
- Red blood cells are abnormally shaped
- Red blood cells are enlarged (correct)
Which of the following is a common neurological symptom of folate deficiency?
Which of the following is a common neurological symptom of folate deficiency?
- Seizures
- Muscle weakness
- Numbness in the extremities
- Personality changes (correct)
What is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
What is the primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
- Thiamine deficiency due to chronic alcoholism (correct)
- Folate deficiency due to malnutrition
- Thiamine deficiency due to a genetic disorder
- Vitamin B12 deficiency due to impaired absorption
What is the primary symptom of Riboflavin deficiency Ariboflavinosis?
What is the primary symptom of Riboflavin deficiency Ariboflavinosis?
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What is the primary treatment for Niacin deficiency Pellagra?
What is the primary treatment for Niacin deficiency Pellagra?
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What is a common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
What is a common symptom of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia?
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Study Notes
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
- Caused by insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of vitamin B12
- Characterized by:
- Macrocytic anemia (enlarged red blood cells)
- Fatigue
- Weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Can lead to nerve damage and neurological problems if left untreated
- Diagnosis: blood tests for vitamin B12 levels and hematocrit
- Treatment: vitamin B12 injections or oral supplements
Folate Deficiency Neurological Symptoms
- Caused by insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of folate
- Neurological symptoms:
- Depression
- Fatigue
- Mood changes
- Memory impairment
- Personality changes
- Can also cause anemia, weakness, and shortness of breath
- Diagnosis: blood tests for folate levels
- Treatment: folate supplements
Thiamine Deficiency Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Caused by chronic thiamine deficiency, often due to alcoholism or malnutrition
- Characterized by:
- Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase):
- Confusion
- Oculomotor disturbances
- Ataxia
- Korsakoff's psychosis (chronic phase):
- Memory loss
- Confabulation
- Lack of insight
- Wernicke's encephalopathy (acute phase):
- Diagnosis: clinical evaluation, neuroimaging, and thiamine levels
- Treatment: thiamine supplements, often in combination with other B vitamins
Riboflavin Deficiency Ariboflavinosis
- Caused by insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of riboflavin
- Characterized by:
- Mouth and skin lesions
- Cracked lips
- Inflammation of the tongue and mouth
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Can also cause fatigue, blurred vision, and hair loss
- Diagnosis: clinical evaluation and riboflavin levels
- Treatment: riboflavin supplements
Niacin Deficiency Pellagra
- Caused by insufficient dietary intake or impaired absorption of niacin
- Characterized by:
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis (skin lesions)
- Dementia (in severe cases)
- Can also cause fatigue, headache, and depression
- Diagnosis: clinical evaluation, niacin levels, and response to treatment
- Treatment: niacin supplements
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