L8 Water Soluble Vitamins
100 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common neurological manifestation associated with thiamine deficiency?

  • Hearing impairment
  • Loss of coordination (correct)
  • Memory enhancement
  • Visual disturbances

    • Which type of beriberi is characterized by high-output cardiac failure?

  • Wet beriberi (correct)
  • Dry beriberi
  • Chronic beriberi
  • Psychotic beriberi

    • Which vitamin deficiency leads to the syndrome known as Pellagra?

  • Vitamin B1
  • Vitamin B2
  • Vitamin C
  • Vitamin B3 (correct)

    • What biochemical role does riboflavin (B2) play in the body?

    <p>Precursor for FAD and FMN</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is primarily associated with severe niacin deficiency?

    <p>Skin inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for thiamine deficiency?

    <p>Thiamine injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Mental derangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health effect of pharmacological doses of niacin?

    <p>Reduction in LDL levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity?

    <p>Flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary role of pantothenic acid (B5) in the body?

    <p>Building block of CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is dependent on pyridoxine (vitamin B6) for its function?

    <p>Dopa decarboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syndrome can result from a deficiency of vitamin B6?

    <p>Sideroblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with biotin deficiency?

    <p>Flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of avidin found in egg whites on biotin absorption?

    <p>Prevents biotin absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biotinidase deficiency usually screened for in newborns?

    <p>Non-dietary biotin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic process is directly aided by biotin (B7)?

    <p>Carboxylation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical manifestation of folic acid deficiency?

    <p>Hypersegmented neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does methotrexate play in folate metabolism?

    <p>It acts as a folate antagonist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a deficiency in vitamin B12 induce neurological symptoms?

    <p>By disrupting phosphatidyl choline biosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition most commonly leads to vitamin B12 deficiency?

    <p>Malabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely complication associated with hyperhomocysteinemia?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the presence of folic acid deficiency, which type of anemia is expected?

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes trimethoprim from sulfonamides in terms of antimicrobial action?

    <p>Trimethoprim inhibits bacterial folate but does not affect humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What blood test result would most likely indicate a deficiency in folate during pregnancy?

    <p>High levels of homocysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water-soluble vitamin deficiency is specifically associated with beriberi?

    <p>Thiamine (B1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common disease associated with niacin deficiency?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme requires thiamine as a coenzyme in the TCA cycle?

    <p>Pyruvate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological role does riboflavin primarily serve?

    <p>Oxidation-reduction reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT directly linked to a deficiency of the vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)?

    <p>Alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis?

    <p>Ascorbate (Vitamin C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely cause of the elderly female's symptoms in this case?

    <p>Homocystinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy related to vitamin deficiencies?

    <p>Cyanocobalamin (B12) deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is connected to a magenta-colored tongue and characterized by symptoms including poor growth and skin inflammation?

    <p>Vitamin B2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is a classic manifestation of folate deficiency?

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is primarily responsible for the prevention of microcytic anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in addition to dietary sources?

    <p>Niacin (B3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deficiency of which vitamin can lead to a magenta-colored tongue?

    <p>Riboflavin (B2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is linked to hypersegmented neutrophils and can cause megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is necessary for the reduction of iron and copper in various enzymes within the body?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of symptoms is most likely due to pernicious anemia?

    <p>Chronic fatigue and hyperhomocysteinemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can indicate a deficiency in vitamin B3?

    <p>Pellagra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the symptoms presented, which vitamin is less likely to be a cause of the elderly female's health issues?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of vitamin C deficiency on connective tissue?

    <p>Impaired hydroxylation of proline and lysine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin's deficiency is associated with symptoms such as gingival hemorrhages, bruising, and delayed wound healing?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key process does vitamin C support that is crucial for carnitine synthesis?

    <p>Hydroxylation by oxygenases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin levels could potentially mimic the skeletal abnormalities seen in vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism leads to the development of scurvy symptoms?

    <p>Deficient collagen hydroxylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is specifically noted for its role in the function of dopamine β-hydroxylase?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Increased energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency would a 14-month-old likely NOT present with symptoms of hemorrhages and bruising?

    <p>Thiamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major side effect of increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity?

    <p>Flushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pyridoxine deficiency is most likely to be observed in which population?

    <p>Alcoholics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is NOT a component of CoA?

    <p>Malonyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with biotin deficiency?

    <p>Peripheral neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom that distinguishes vitamin C deficiency from vitamin D deficiency in a patient?

    <p>Gingival hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency could lead to delayed collagen hydroxylation, affecting connective tissue integrity?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the role of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) in metabolic processes?

    <p>It is a prosthetic group for various enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of isoniazid treatment on vitamin absorption?

    <p>It can interfere with absorption of vitamin B6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of vitamin deficiencies, which symptom is least likely to be associated with vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Night blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is dependent on a vitamin C-related enzyme for its synthesis in the body?

    <p>Carnitine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of enzymatic reactions is biotin (B7) specifically involved with?

    <p>Carboxylation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical feature of scurvy that develops due to vitamin C deficiency?

    <p>Ecchymosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition that can result from biotinidase deficiency?

    <p>Nondietary biotin deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is most closely linked with the enzymatic activity of hydroxylating prolyl and lysyl residues in procollagen?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency could lead to symptoms mimicking those of vitamin C deficiency in a child?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What metabolic process is primarily affected by vitamin C deficiency leading to symptoms such as bruising and delayed wound healing?

    <p>Collagen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is most likely to lead to neurological symptoms in elderly patients?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with increased homocysteine levels?

    <p>Homocystinuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

    <p>Magenta-colored tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is involved in the absorption of iron and is crucial for connective tissue maintenance?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with vitamin B6 deficiency?

    <p>Hypersegmented neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency is linked to cheilosis and a sore throat?

    <p>Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a physiological effect of vitamin C beyond its antioxidant properties?

    <p>Assists in collagen synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin's deficiency is primarily associated with delayed wound healing and easy bruising?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Severe dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of riboflavin (B2) deficiency in infants undergoing phototherapy?

    <p>Impaired absorption due to phototherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the chronic form of thiamine deficiency known as dry beriberi?

    <p>Neuropathy and muscle wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pharmacological doses of niacin primarily affect lipid levels in the body?

    <p>Inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the severe niacin deficiency known as Pellagra?

    <p>Dermatitis in sun-exposed areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of dietary niacin (B3)?

    <p>Whole grains, milk, and meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is specifically linked to riboflavin (B2) deficiency?

    <p>Scaly lips and corners of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The enzyme activities that depend on riboflavin (B2) primarily involve which of the following processes?

    <p>Oxidation and reduction reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of a folic acid deficiency during pregnancy?

    <p>Neural tube defect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is primarily associated with neurological dysfunction and demyelination?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does methotrexate affect folate metabolism?

    <p>Depletes the functional folate pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is indicative of folate deficiency?

    <p>Hypersegmented neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug specifically inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase?

    <p>Trimethoprim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for developing hyperhomocysteinemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a likely cause of megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Vitamin B12 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which condition is the folate pool quickly depleted?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary biochemical process impaired by thiamine (B1) deficiency?

    <p>Energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyanocobalamin (B12) is specifically linked to which condition when deficient?

    <p>Pernicious anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which water-soluble vitamin is essential for one-carbon group transfer in metabolic processes?

    <p>Folic acid (B9)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deficiency of which vitamin leads to the symptoms of megaloblastic anemia?

    <p>Cyanocobalamin (B12)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of riboflavin (B2) in metabolic pathways?

    <p>It functions as a coenzyme for dehydrogenases in oxidation-reduction reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency is most directly associated with impaired collagen synthesis?

    <p>Ascorbate (Vitamin C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is the result of inadequate folate in the body?

    <p>Megaloblastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom might be expected in a patient with biotin (B7) deficiency?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactate buildup in tissues as a result of thiamine deficiency primarily affects which organ systems?

    <p>Nervous and muscular systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is specifically noted for its association with clinical symptoms such as inflammation and muscle pain?

    <p>Biotin (B7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Water-Soluble Vitamins

    • Water-soluble vitamins are vitamins that are soluble in water.
    • These vitamins include thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folic acid (B9), cyanocobalamin (B12), and ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
    • Their functions include acting as coenzymes in various metabolic reactions.
    • Deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to various disorders.
    • Sources vary by Vitamin.

    Thiamine (B1)

    • Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the active form of thiamine.
    • TPP is a coenzyme for enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
    • Important in energy metabolism, particularly for the nervous system and muscles.
    • Deficiency can cause weakness, amnesia, and/or neurological problems, Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and possibly dilated cardiomyopathy.
    • Lactate and pyruvate build-up in tissues due to a deficiency.

    Riboflavin (B2)

    • Riboflavin is a precursor for FAD and FMN.
    • It is a coenzyme for several dehydrogenases involved in oxidation-reduction reactions.
    • Deficiency may result from poor diet or phototherapy (in infants).
    • Deficiency signs include corneal neovascularization, cheilosis, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), sore throat, skin inflammation, and a magenta-colored tongue.

    Niacin (B3)

    • Niacin is a precursor for NAD and NADP.
    • NAD and NADP are coenzymes for many dehydrogenases.
    • Important in metabolism.
    • Deficiency results in Pellagra (symptoms include diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and possibly death if untreated).
    • Dietary sources include whole grains, milk, and meat.
    • Niacin deficiency can result from a diet lacking niacin, or due to malnutrition, especially a maize-based diet.

    Pantothenic Acid (B5)

    • Pantothenic acid is a building block for coenzyme A (CoA).
    • CoA is involved in the transfer of acyl groups in various metabolic pathways.
    • Deficiency is rare.

    Pyridoxine (B6)

    • Pyridoxine is involved in amino acid metabolism.
    • The active form, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), is a coenzyme for many enzymes.
    • Deficiencies are often seen in alcoholics.
    • Symptoms include peripheral neuropathy, stomatitis, glossitis, irritability, psychiatric symptoms,possibly epileptic seizures.
    • Sideroblastic anemia is a possible consequence of vitamin B6 deficiency.
    • Isoniazid treatment can impact B6 absorption.

    Biotin (B7)

    • Biotin is a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions.
    • It is a prosthetic group of enzymes like pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
    • Deficiency symptoms can occur if egg white (avidin) is consumed too much.
    • Symptoms can include dermatitis, alopecia, glossitis, loss of appetite, nausea.
    • Biotinidase deficiency is another cause of biotin deficiency.

    Folic Acid (B9)

    • Folic acid is tetrahydrofolate, a coenzyme in one-carbon transfer reactions.
    • Essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, and amino acid metabolism.
    • Deficiency typically occurs in alcoholics or pregnant women.
    • Symptoms include megaloblastic anemia, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), hypersegmented neutrophils, hyperhomocysteinemia, possible neural tube defects, and/or risk of thrombosis.
    • Deficiency can occur quickly during pregnancy due to high needs.

    Vitamin B12

    • Vitamin B12 requires intrinsic factor for absorption.
    • Pernicious anemia is a cause of B12 deficiency.
    • Deficiency symptoms include neurological dysfunction, neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms, and megaloblastic anemia.
    • It can cause hyperhomocysteinemia.

    Vitamin C

    • Ascorbic acid is involved in redox reactions, collagen synthesis, and iron absorption.
    • Deficiency results in scurvy.
    • Symptoms include dry mouth and eyes, decaying gums, loosening teeth, delayed wound healing, ecchymosis (bruising), petechiae (tiny red spots), weakness, lethargy, defective connective tissue, and potential bleeding into joints (hemarthrosis).
    • Vitamin C is needed for wound healing, and the hydroxylation reaction of collagen for normal connective tissue.
    • Consumption of foods rich in antioxidants is connected to lower rates of chronic diseases.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Water-Soluble Vitamins PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the neurological manifestations and health effects associated with various vitamin deficiencies, including thiamine, niacin, and biotin. Test your knowledge on symptoms, treatment, and the biochemical roles of essential vitamins in the body.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser