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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about fat-soluble vitamins is true?
Which of the following statements about fat-soluble vitamins is true?
- Fat-soluble vitamins are not transported with fats through the lymphatic system in chylomicrons before entering the blood.
- Fat-soluble vitamins are easily excreted, reducing the risk of toxicity with high intakes.
- Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in body fat, meaning that intakes can vary without a risk of deficiency. (correct)
- Fat-soluble vitamins do not require bile and dietary fat for absorption.
Which vitamin is synthesized by the host in amounts adequate to meet normal physiological needs?
Which vitamin is synthesized by the host in amounts adequate to meet normal physiological needs?
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin K
- Vitamin D (correct)
- Vitamin E
What is the main route of absorption for fat-soluble vitamins?
What is the main route of absorption for fat-soluble vitamins?
- Excreted through the kidneys into the urine
- Through the lymphatic system in chylomicrons before entering the blood (correct)
- Directly into the bloodstream from the digestive system
- Absorbed by the liver before entering the bloodstream
What is the characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins that increases the risk of toxicity with high intakes?
What is the characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins that increases the risk of toxicity with high intakes?
What is the main distinguishing factor of vitamins from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins?
What is the main distinguishing factor of vitamins from fats, carbohydrates, and proteins?
Which fat-soluble vitamin is known to be primarily obtained through exposure to sunlight?
Which fat-soluble vitamin is known to be primarily obtained through exposure to sunlight?
What is the principle function of vitamin D?
What is the principle function of vitamin D?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What is the active form of vitamin D?
What happens when blood Ca levels drop?
What happens when blood Ca levels drop?
What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in children?
What is the consequence of vitamin D deficiency in children?
What is the role of active vitamin D at the intestine?
What is the role of active vitamin D at the intestine?
What is the consequence of over-supplementation of vitamin D?
What is the consequence of over-supplementation of vitamin D?
What is the form of vitamin D synthesized in the skin?
What is the form of vitamin D synthesized in the skin?
What is the first product formed in the liver from vitamin D?
What is the first product formed in the liver from vitamin D?
Which form of vitamin A is crucial for light perception in the eye?
Which form of vitamin A is crucial for light perception in the eye?
What are the two main categories of vitamin A compounds?
What are the two main categories of vitamin A compounds?
How are retinoids and carotenoids transported to the liver from the intestine?
How are retinoids and carotenoids transported to the liver from the intestine?
What is the most common plant precursor of vitamin A?
What is the most common plant precursor of vitamin A?
Which deficiency poses a threat to the health and sight of millions of children worldwide?
Which deficiency poses a threat to the health and sight of millions of children worldwide?
In which cycle does vitamin A combine with opsin to form rhodopsin?
In which cycle does vitamin A combine with opsin to form rhodopsin?
Which vitamin is known to be primarily obtained through exposure to sunlight?
Which vitamin is known to be primarily obtained through exposure to sunlight?
What is the characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins that increases the risk of toxicity with high intakes?
What is the characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins that increases the risk of toxicity with high intakes?
What happens by the absence or underutilization of a specific vitamin?
What happens by the absence or underutilization of a specific vitamin?
Which form of vitamin A plays a role in gene expression and regulates the production of proteins?
Which form of vitamin A plays a role in gene expression and regulates the production of proteins?
What is the main cause of blindness in resource-poor countries?
What is the main cause of blindness in resource-poor countries?
What is the primary function of vitamin A in the visual cycle?
What is the primary function of vitamin A in the visual cycle?
What happens when blood calcium levels drop?
What happens when blood calcium levels drop?
What is the consequence of over-supplementation of vitamin D?
What is the consequence of over-supplementation of vitamin D?
What is the main function of active vitamin D at the intestine?
What is the main function of active vitamin D at the intestine?
What is the principle function of vitamin D?
What is the principle function of vitamin D?
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Study Notes
Vitamin A: Sources, Functions, and Deficiency
- Vitamin A can be obtained from animal products, supplements, or plant foods, with the most common plant precursor being beta-carotene.
- Vitamin A is essential for night vision, cell differentiation, and growth regulation.
- Preformed vitamin A compounds are known as retinoids, while plant precursors are called carotenoids, with beta-carotene being the most common.
- Retinoids and carotenoids are transported to the liver from the intestine in chylomicrons.
- Different forms of vitamin A, such as retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, have distinct functions in the body.
- In the visual cycle, vitamin A, particularly retinal, combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, which is crucial for light perception in the eye.
- Retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A, plays a role in gene expression and regulates the production of proteins.
- Retinoic acid binds to specific protein receptors in the nucleus and alters the level of mRNA, thus regulating gene expression.
- Vitamin A deficiency poses a threat to the health and sight of millions of children worldwide and is a major cause of blindness in resource-poor countries.
- Vitamin A deficiency can result from insufficient intake of vitamin A, fat, protein, or zinc.
- Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A can be toxic, and medications made from vitamin A can have serious side effects.
- Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining immune function and is involved in cranio-facial development, nervous system patterning, and organogenesis.
Vitamin A: Sources, Functions, and Deficiency
- Vitamin A can be obtained from animal products, supplements, or plant foods, with the most common plant precursor being beta-carotene.
- Vitamin A is essential for night vision, cell differentiation, and growth regulation.
- Preformed vitamin A compounds are known as retinoids, while plant precursors are called carotenoids, with beta-carotene being the most common.
- Retinoids and carotenoids are transported to the liver from the intestine in chylomicrons.
- Different forms of vitamin A, such as retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, have distinct functions in the body.
- In the visual cycle, vitamin A, particularly retinal, combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, which is crucial for light perception in the eye.
- Retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A, plays a role in gene expression and regulates the production of proteins.
- Retinoic acid binds to specific protein receptors in the nucleus and alters the level of mRNA, thus regulating gene expression.
- Vitamin A deficiency poses a threat to the health and sight of millions of children worldwide and is a major cause of blindness in resource-poor countries.
- Vitamin A deficiency can result from insufficient intake of vitamin A, fat, protein, or zinc.
- Excessive intake of preformed vitamin A can be toxic, and medications made from vitamin A can have serious side effects.
- Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining immune function and is involved in cranio-facial development, nervous system patterning, and organogenesis.
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