Vitamin A and D Deficiencies Quiz
45 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What condition is most likely related to a deficiency of vitamin A in children?

  • Respiratory infections (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Asthma
  • Obesity

    • Which of the following is a symptom that would NOT typically indicate vitamin A deficiency?

  • Increased appetite (correct)
  • Xerophthalmia
  • Dry skin
  • Night blindness

    • What micronutrient deficiency is frequently observed alongside vitamin A deficiency in children?

  • Iron (correct)
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin B12

    • Which of these conditions is commonly associated with severe vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin deficiency is linked with retarded growth in children?

    <p>Vitamin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized consequence of vitamin A deficiency?

    <p>Increased vigor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a developing country, children with a vitamin A deficiency are more likely to experience which health issue?

    <p>Poor growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological symptom is characteristic of vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Blurred vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the daily recommended intake of Vitamin D for individuals aged 71 and older?

    <p>20 micrograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT known to decrease the synthesis of Vitamin D in the skin?

    <p>Wearing clothing that exposes the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What deficiency disease is associated with children developing bowed legs?

    <p>Rickets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vitamin is essential for the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorus?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome?

    <p>Sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with Vitamin D toxicity?

    <p>Hair loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of Vitamin D?

    <p>Leafy green vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function does riboflavin (B2) primarily serve in the body?

    <p>It helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food is NOT a good source of niacin (B3)?

    <p>Fruits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vitamin D in the body besides bone health?

    <p>Assisting in muscle function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is Vitamin D NOT suggested to help prevent?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a classic deficiency symptom of niacin (B3)?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Vitamin B6 deficiency?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the body's capability to synthesize Vitamin D as a person ages?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements about dietary recommendations for riboflavin is true?

    <p>The recommended intake for men is 1.3 mg/day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Vitamin K is true?

    <p>Daily intake recommendations vary between genders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with riboflavin deficiency?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by excessive vitamin A intake?

    <p>Hypervitaminosis A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is typically NOT a symptom of chronic vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Increased appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Consuming large amounts of liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tests would likely indicate hypervitaminosis A?

    <p>Elevated liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vitamin A toxicity primarily affects which organ?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might chronic vitamin A toxicity lead to over time?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of vitamin A is most likely associated with toxicity symptoms?

    <p>Retinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can chronic vitamin A toxicity potentially be avoided?

    <p>By maintaining a balanced diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is least likely to be directly caused by hypervitaminosis A?

    <p>Increased blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population might be at greater risk for hypervitaminosis A?

    <p>Children with liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment might be necessary if symptoms persist despite stopping supplementation?

    <p>Liver transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of both acute and chronic vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure (headaches and drowsiness)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to treat hypervitaminosis A?

    <p>Stop taking high-dose vitamin A supplements immediately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential fetal complication of excessive vitamin A during pregnancy?

    <p>Birth defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may require a liver transplantation due to prolonged vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Severe vitamin A toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect might be more pronounced in pregnant individuals with vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misbelief about treating hypervitaminosis A?

    <p>Increasing vitamin D can alleviate symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-specific symptom of vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Severe fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy is least effective in the management of vitamin A toxicity?

    <p>Using corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical outcome of untreated vitamin A toxicity during pregnancy?

    <p>Injury to fetal heart and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vitamins

    • Vitamins are essential, non-caloric organic nutrients, required in small amounts.
    • They do not supply energy.
    • They cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from outside sources, such as diet, rumen bacteria, and sunlight.
    • Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, vitamins are individual units and are not linked together.
    • They are required for growth, maintenance, reproduction, and lactation.

    Learning Objectives

    • Identify the meaning of vitamins.
    • Compare fat-soluble vitamins with water-soluble vitamins.
    • Discuss the roles, food sources, function, and consequences of deficiency and toxicity of fat-soluble vitamins.
    • Discuss the roles, food sources, function, and consequences of deficiency and toxicity of water-soluble vitamins.

    Classification of Vitamins

    • Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K.
    • Water-soluble vitamins: C and the B complex (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6, Folate, and Vitamin B12).

    Absorption, Transport, Storage, and Excretion of Vitamins

    • Fat-soluble vitamins: Absorbed into lymph and then into the blood, transported with protein carriers, and stored in the liver or fatty tissues. Not readily excreted.
    • Water-soluble vitamins: Absorbed directly into the blood, travel freely in watery fluids, and are not typically stored in the body. Readily excreted in the urine.

    Fat-Soluble Vitamins (A, D, E, and K)

    • Vitamin A: Plays a role in vision, cell growth and division, and immune cell development. Three forms: retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid.

      • Sources: Animal foods (stored in liver), and plant-derived carotenoids (e.g., beta-carotene). The human body converts carotenoids to retinol.
      • Function: Vision (retinol), regulation of gene expression (retinoic acid), protective role against destructive oxidative reactions (vitamin E). Important for blood clotting and bone health (vitamin K).
      • Recommended Intake: For men: 900 mcg; for women: 700 mcg. Higher during lactation.

    • Vitamin D: Synthesized in the body when exposed to sunlight. Essential for calcium and phosphorus utilization for healthy bones. Plays a role in muscle function and the immune system. May help prevent certain cancers, and treat heart disease, certain types of diabetes, and multiple sclerosis.

      • Sources: Sunlight, fortified milk, margarine, butter, cereals, egg yolks, liver, fatty fish.
      • Recommendation: Ages 1-70: 15 mcg/day; ages 71 and older: 20 mcg/day.
      • Toxicity: Increase in blood calcium leading to calcification of soft tissues (blood vessels, kidneys, heart, lungs, tissues around joints). Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and frequent urination, fatigue, back pain.

    • Vitamin E: Antioxidant, protects cells from damage. Necessary for normal nerve development, growth, and development, and wound healing. Plays a role in boosting the immune system.

      • Sources: Wheat germ oil, vegetable oils, nuts and seeds, whole grains, egg yolk, leafy green vegetables.
      • Recommendation: 15 milligrams/day for adults
      • Toxicity: Rare, but potentially problematic in high doses. Augments the effects of anti-clotting medications in high doses.

    • Vitamin K: Produced by bacteria in the large intestine. Promotes blood clotting, bone formation.

      • Sources: Bacterial synthesis in large intestine, Milk, Leafy green vegetables, cabbage-type vegetables.
      • Recommendation: Men: 120 mcg/day; Women: 90 mcg/day.
      • Toxicity: None known (in doses under 1000mg).

    Water-Soluble Vitamins (C and B Complex)

    • Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid): Antioxidant, helps form connective tissue, aids in wound healing, iron absorption, immune system function, and heart disease prevention.

      • Sources: Citrus fruits, cabbage-type vegetables, dark green vegetables, strawberries, and other berries, cantaloupe, melons, papayas, mangoes, potatoes, tomatoes, guava.
      • Recommendation: Men: 90 mg/day; Women: 75 mg/day; Smokers: +35 mg/day.
      • Toxicity: Nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and headache (above 1000 mg). Rashes, urinary tract problems, kidney stones.

    • B-Complex Vitamins: (Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12): Critical for energy metabolism, nerve function, and a variety of other bodily functions.

      • Detailed information on specific B vitamins will follow below

    Vitamin B (Individual):

    • Thiamin (B1): Crucial for glucose metabolism, energy production, synthesis of neurotransmitters, necessary for RNA, DNA, and ATP synthesis.

      • Sources: Whole-grain, fortified, or enriched grain products; moderate amounts in other nutritious foods.
      • Deficiency: Beriberi (wet & dry forms). Fatigue, confusion, movement impairment, lower extremity pain, and swelling, heart failure. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

    • Riboflavin (B2): Important component of flavoproteins, necessary for many metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Essential for growth, tissue maintenance, and cell function.

      • Sources: Milk and dairy products (yogurt, cheese), enriched or whole grains, and liver.
      • Deficiency: Cracks and redness at the corners of the mouth, sore throat, hypersensitivity to light, itching and burning eyes, dry, and scaly skin.

    • Niacin (B3) / Vitamin B3: Participates in energy metabolism. Important for the proper functioning of cells.

      • Sources: Plants (especially mature grains), amino acid tryptophan which is converted into niacin in the body
      • Deficiency: Pellagra (four "Ds": Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia, Death).

    • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine): Involved in a variety of functions, including amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, conversion of tryptophan to niacin and serotonin, hemoglobin synthesis, and release of stored glucose from glycogen. Critical for nervous system development.

      • Sources: Meat, fish, poultry (protein-rich foods), starchy vegetables, and fruits, potatoes, and leafy green vegetables.
      • Deficiency: Weakness, depression, confusion, irritability, convulsions, insomnia, greasy dermatitis.

    • Folate (B9) / Folic Acid: Essential for RNA and DNA synthesis, hemoglobin formation in red blood cells; Important during pregnancy for preventing neural tube defects.

      • Sources: Fortified grains, Leafy green vegetables, legumes, seeds, and liver.
      • Recommendation: 400 micrograms/day.
      • Deficiency: Anemia (large-cell type), Smooth, red tongue, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, and headache.

    • Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin): Contains cobalt, essential in order for the human body to absorb it. Used in new cell formation, maintains nerve cells, metabolizes fatty acids and amino acids, and essential for hemoglobin synthesis.

      • Sources: Animal products (meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, milk, cheese, eggs), and fortified cereals.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Vitamins Lecture 7 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on vitamin A and D deficiencies, particularly in children. This quiz covers symptoms, associated conditions, and recommended intakes. Perfect for students or anyone wanting to understand micronutrient deficiencies better.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser