Vitals Review Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is an indicator that immediate medical attention may be required during a seizure?

  • The person has had multiple seizures over the last month.
  • The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes. (correct)
  • The individual appears disoriented after the seizure.
  • The individual has a history of controlled epilepsy.

Which level of consciousness is characterized by a person being drowsy and fatigued with decreased responsiveness?

  • Obtundation
  • Lethargic (correct)
  • Alert
  • Confused

What is a consequence of rapidly correcting hyperglycemia?

  • There are usually no side effects if treated promptly.
  • It can cause damage to brain cells due to osmolar changes. (correct)
  • It stabilizes the diabetic condition without risks.
  • It leads to immediate increase in energy levels.

What is one of the risks if an individual experiences a seizure in an unsafe environment?

<p>Potential for serious physical injury. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?

<p>Levels of consciousness and responsiveness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for measuring from the patient's heel to the posterior knee when determining seat height?

<p>To ensure the footrest is at the correct height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when choosing between rental and purchase of a wheelchair?

<p>Duration of need, whether temporary or permanent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average adult seat depth size in wheelchair fitting?

<p>16 inches (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you determine the appropriate seat width for a wheelchair?

<p>Measure the widest aspect of the buttocks, hips, or thighs and add 2 inches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five key elements used to measure for proper wheelchair fit?

<p>Footrest length (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed during the evaluation of a patient's need for a wheelchair?

<p>Patient's age, weight, height, and mental status (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of fitting 2-3 fingers between the distal thigh and the seat?

<p>To ensure the user can maintain proper circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing the expected use of a wheelchair, which factor is NOT relevant?

<p>Patient's favorite color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct scale for grading pulse intensity?

<p>0-4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position of the patient when examining the carotid artery pulse?

<p>Lying supine with trunk slightly elevated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor makes it more difficult to feel a pulse during palpation?

<p>Low blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pulse site requires the examiner to support the forearm during palpation?

<p>Brachial artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common location for finding the dorsalis pedis pulse?

<p>Between the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is it recommended to palpate the pulse for accuracy?

<p>60 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is typically assessed in the popliteal region?

<p>Popliteal artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issue can complicate palpation of the posterior tibial artery?

<p>Obesity and edema (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which guideline is crucial when performing pulse palpation?

<p>Use two fingers over the pulse site (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the grading of a pulse at 3 mean?

<p>Increased fill pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper back height measurement for a wheelchair?

<p>Measure from the seat to the axilla with shoulder flexed to 90 degrees, then subtract 4 inches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wheelchair is specifically used for patients weighing over 300 lbs?

<p>Heavy duty-adult wheelchair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring armrest height, how much should be added to the height from the seat to the olecranon process?

<p>1 inch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adjustment does the amputee wheelchair have to compensate for the absent lower extremity weight?

<p>Rear wheel axles positioned 2 inches posterior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be used for self-propulsion in a wheelchair when only one upper extremity and one lower extremity are used?

<p>Hemi propulsion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assisted wheelchair mobility, which method is recommended for navigating through doors?

<p>Use mirrors to check for oncoming traffic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a patient lean when going down an incline in a wheelchair?

<p>Back to control descent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wheelchair is designed for pediatric use and allows for adjustment as the child grows?

<p>Growing wheelchair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average adult armrest height in a wheelchair?

<p>9 inches above chair seat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with hemiparesis, what feature does a hemi-chair have?

<p>Seat 2 inches lower than standard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of blood pooling in vessels during orthostatic hypotension?

<p>Drop in blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte imbalance is characterized by excess cellular water compared to sodium?

<p>Hyponatremia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended first step for a physical therapist when addressing a patient with cerebrovascular trauma?

<p>Return to supine position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of angina generally occurs in response to increased activity and is predictable?

<p>Stable angina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is more common in women experiencing myocardial infarction compared to men?

<p>Severe, sharper pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a non-cardiac cause of chest pain that is often overlooked?

<p>Esophageal distress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of respiratory distress?

<p>Diabetes mellitus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment step is suggested for a patient experiencing chest pain at home?

<p>Take aspirin under the tongue and call 911 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of diuretics on the nephron?

<p>Decrease sodium reabsorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic class primarily acts on the Loop of Henle?

<p>Loop diuretics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary definition of respiratory distress?

<p>Decrease in oxygen delivery to the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect of loop diuretics?

<p>Hypokalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should a therapist take before sitting up a patient to prevent orthostatic hypotension?

<p>Perform dynamic stretching and muscle pumping (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily affected by calcium channel blockers?

<p>Arterial vascular smooth muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker?

<p>Verapamil (C), Diltiazem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic class does Hydrochlorothiazide belong to?

<p>Thiazide diuretics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can beta receptor antagonists mask in diabetic patients?

<p>Early manifestations of hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an adverse effect associated with osmotic diuretics like Mannitol?

<p>Pulmonary edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding potassium-sparing diuretics?

<p>They can cause hyperkalemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics?

<p>Inhibition of sodium chloride transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a contraindication for the use of beta blockers?

<p>Asthma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diuretic is typically used to treat edematous states such as acute pulmonary edema?

<p>Loop diuretics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do diuretics usually affect blood pressure?

<p>Decrease it (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do calcium channel blockers have on heart rate?

<p>They decrease heart rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Normal Pulse Amplitude

A palpable pulse that can be felt with light pressure, indicating a healthy blood flow.

Pulse Palpation

A method of assessing pulse strength by applying light pressure with fingertips on a specific artery.

Radial Artery

The artery located on the thumb side of the wrist, commonly used to assess pulse rate.

Brachial Artery

The artery located in the upper arm, used to assess blood flow and blood pressure.

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Carotid Artery

The artery located in the neck, used to assess pulse rate and blood flow to the brain.

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Dorsalis Pedis Artery

The artery located on the top of the foot, used to assess blood flow to the foot.

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Posterior Tibial Artery

The artery located behind the inner ankle bone, used to assess blood flow to the foot.

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Popliteal Artery

The artery located behind the knee, used to assess blood flow to the lower leg.

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Femoral Artery

The main artery in the upper thigh, used to assess blood flow to the leg.

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Pulse Rate

The rate at which the heart beats, typically measured in beats per minute (bpm).

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When to Call Emergency Services for a Seizure

A seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes, repeated seizures, or a seizure occurring in an unsafe environment requires immediate medical attention.

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Grady Coma Scale

A medical scale used to assess a person's level of consciousness by assigning a numerical value based on their responsiveness to stimuli.

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Glasgow Coma Scale

A medical scale used to assess a person's level of consciousness by evaluating their eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.

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Hypoglycemia

Low blood sugar, often requiring immediate medical attention due to the brain's dependence on glucose.

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Hyperglycemia

High blood sugar, particularly concerning in individuals with diabetes. It can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, both requiring prompt medical care.

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Lap Belt Wheelchair

A type of wheelchair specifically designed for individuals with spinal cord injuries. It provides support for the chest and abdomen, improving posture and stability.

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Wheelchair Considerations

The placement and dimensions of the wheelchair components should be adjusted based on the individual's needs and physical characteristics.

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Wheelchair Rental

A wheelchair that is rented for a temporary period, often for recovery or rehabilitation purposes.

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Wheelchair Purchase

A wheelchair purchased for long-term use, typically for individuals with permanent mobility impairments.

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Wheelchair Assessment

Evaluating the patient's abilities, needs, and functional limitations to determine the most suitable wheelchair.

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Seat Height

The vertical distance from the floor to the seat. It should allow the user's feet to rest comfortably on the footrests.

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Seat Depth

The horizontal distance from the back of the seat to the front edge. It should allow sufficient space for leg movement and comfort.

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Seat Width

The width of the seat. It should accommodate the user's hips and thighs comfortably, allowing for clothing and any orthotics.

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Orthostatic Hypotension

A condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up from a lying or sitting position, often due to blood pooling in the legs.

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Electrolyte Imbalance

An imbalance in the electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, in the body, which can affect the brain's function and lead to swelling or shrinking.

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Hyponatremia

An imbalance of sodium in the body, leading to an excess of cellular water.

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Hypokalemia

An imbalance of potassium in the body, often occurring in patients with traumatic brain injuries.

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Cerebrovascular Trauma

Damage to blood vessels in the head, either inside or outside the skull. This can increase the risk of stroke.

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Anginal Pain

Chest pain that occurs due to a lack of oxygen to the heart, often caused by blockage in the coronary arteries.

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Stable Angina

Angina that occurs predictably with increased physical activity.

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Unstable Angina

Angina that can occur at any time, even at rest, and is less predictable.

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Respiratory Distress

A decrease in oxygen delivery to the body.

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Pneumonia

Inflammation of the lungs, often caused by infection.

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What is the back height measurement for a standard wheelchair?

Measurement from the seat of the chair to the axilla (armpit) with the patient's shoulder flexed to 90 degrees, then subtract 4 inches. This ensures the back height is below the inferior angles of the scapula.

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What's the purpose of the armrest height measurement?

Ensures the patient can sit erect with level shoulders when bearing weight on the forearms as they rest on the armrest.

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What is a heavy-duty wheelchair?

An adult wheelchair designed for individuals who weigh over 300 pounds. It provides sturdiness and durability for vigorous activities.

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What is an intermediate or junior wheelchair?

A wheelchair designed for individuals smaller than average adults but larger than children. It's a good option for those transitioning out of a child-sized wheelchair.

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What is a child-sized wheelchair?

A wheelchair designed for children under 6 years old. It features a smaller seat and back, and often adjusts as the child grows.

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What is a hemi-chair wheelchair?

A wheelchair designed for individuals with hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body). The seat is 2 inches lower than standard to allow for propulsion using one upper extremity and one lower extremity.

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What is one-hand drive propulsion?

A wheelchair propulsion method where the user utilizes one upper extremity to control both wheels.

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What is an amputee wheelchair?

A wheelchair designed for users with lower extremity amputations. The rear wheel axles are positioned 2 inches posterior to that of a standard wheelchair, widening the base of support and improving stability.

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What is a power wheelchair?

A wheelchair with an electric motor that propels the user. It's a good choice for individuals who have limited upper extremity strength or who need to travel long distances.

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What is a sports wheelchair?

A wheelchair specifically designed for athletes. It's typically lightweight and low to the ground, with angled wheels for maneuverability.

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Bronchospasm

A narrowing of the airways that can occur in patients with obstructive lung diseases.

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Masking of Hypoglycemia

Symptoms of low blood sugar may be less noticeable or even concealed in patients taking certain medications, especially beta blockers.

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Beta Blockers

Beta blockers are a type of medication that can block the effects of adrenaline, causing various side effects. Examples include Propranolol, Atenolol, and Metoprolol.

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Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers are medications that relax blood vessels and reduce the heart's workload.

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Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers are a type of calcium channel blocker that primarily affect blood vessels.

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Non-Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers

Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, like Verapamil and Diltiazem, are used to treat heart conditions and high blood pressure.

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Diuretics

Diuretics are medications that increase urine production by affecting how the kidneys filter the blood.

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Osmotic Diuretics

Osmotic diuretics like Mannitol increase urine production by drawing water into the urine tubules.

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Loop Diuretics

Loop diuretics, like Furosemide (Lasix), are powerful medications that inhibit the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride in the loop of Henle.

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Thiazide Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics, like Hydrochlorothiazide, inhibit sodium chloride transport in the distal convoluted tubule, reducing blood volume.

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Potassium Sparing Diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics, like Spironolactone, act as antagonists to aldosterone, promoting sodium excretion and potassium conservation.

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Transfers

The process of moving a patient from one surface to another, such as from a bed to a chair.

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PT's Role in Transfers

A physical therapist evaluating a patient's ability to perform transfers and utilizing them as part of therapy.

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Pre-Transfer Evaluation

Before initiating a transfer, a comprehensive evaluation should be conducted to assess patient's cognitive status, pain levels, range of motion, and strength.

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Educating on Transfers

Physical therapists are responsible for educating patients, family members, and caregivers on proper transfer techniques.

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Study Notes

Vitals Review

  • Pulse palpation and rate involves measuring peripheral pulse amplitude, using supported limb position and encouraging relaxation by applying firm to moderate pressure for 5-10 seconds over pulse site. Evaluation includes assessing cardiac function in initial patient evaluations.
  • Low BP and dehydration can make pulse palpation more difficult.
  • Pulse palpation guidelines: Start distal, move proximal if pulse is not found. Palpate with fingertips, grading intensity 0-4. 0 = no palpable pulse, 1 = faint, but detectable, 2 = normal, 3 = increased, and 4 = pounding pulse. Avoid using thumb.
  • Radial pulse/ Brachial artery pulse examination with support to the forearm in left hand with arm abducted and elbow flexed & externally rotated, then using examiner's right hand and palpating along course of the artery just medial to the biceps tendon, lateral to medial epicondyle.
  • Carotid pulse examination with patient supine, trunk slightly elevated with chin elevated, which allows for easy palpation and use of fingers between larynx and SCM with light pressure.
  • Dorsalis pedis pulse by placing fingertips transversely across the dorsum of the forefoot. Artery usually lies near center of long axis of foot between 2nd and 3rd metatarsal lateral to extensor hallucis tendon, but location can vary.
  • Posterior tibial artery pulse is sometimes absent, approximately 10% of individuals.

Pulse Palpation Guidelines

  • Palpation should be done using the fingertips.
  • Intensity of the pulse should be graded on a scale of 0-4.
  • 0– no palpable pulse
  • 1- faint, but detectable pulse
  • 2- normal
  • 3- increased
  • 4- pounding pulse

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Description

Test your knowledge on vital signs, specifically pulse palpation techniques and guidelines. This quiz covers the assessment of pulse characteristics, potential challenges such as low blood pressure, and proper examination methods for various pulse sites. Perfect for healthcare professionals and students looking to enhance their understanding of vital sign assessment.

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