Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following factors can influence normal vital sign ranges?
Which of the following factors can influence normal vital sign ranges?
- Age
- Exercise tolerance
- Weight
- All of the above (correct)
A patient has a body temperature of 38.5°C. According to the provided information, this condition is best described as which of the following?
A patient has a body temperature of 38.5°C. According to the provided information, this condition is best described as which of the following?
- Hypothermia
- Pyrexia (correct)
- Frostbite
- Hyperpyrexia
Which of the following methods for assessing body temperature is considered the MOST accurate?
Which of the following methods for assessing body temperature is considered the MOST accurate?
- Rectal (correct)
- Tympanic Membrane
- Oral
- Axillary
A patient's temperature was taken axillary and read as 36.0°C. What is the estimated core body temperature, considering the adjustment needed for axillary readings?
A patient's temperature was taken axillary and read as 36.0°C. What is the estimated core body temperature, considering the adjustment needed for axillary readings?
Which type of thermometer relies on sensing reflected infrared emissions to measure body temperature?
Which type of thermometer relies on sensing reflected infrared emissions to measure body temperature?
A patient experiences alternating periods of fever and normal body temperature at regular intervals. This pattern is MOST consistent with which type of fever?
A patient experiences alternating periods of fever and normal body temperature at regular intervals. This pattern is MOST consistent with which type of fever?
What is the rationale behind placing a thermometer posteriorly into the sublingual pocket when taking an oral temperature?
What is the rationale behind placing a thermometer posteriorly into the sublingual pocket when taking an oral temperature?
What physiological process does respiratory rate specifically measure?
What physiological process does respiratory rate specifically measure?
A patient is breathing at a rate of 9 breaths per minute. Which term BEST describes this condition?
A patient is breathing at a rate of 9 breaths per minute. Which term BEST describes this condition?
What is the proper term for the act of breathing out?
What is the proper term for the act of breathing out?
What does the character of arterial pulse reflect?
What does the character of arterial pulse reflect?
In pulse assessment, what does the term ‘equality’ refer to?
In pulse assessment, what does the term ‘equality’ refer to?
When assessing the radial pulse, which fingers are recommended to palpate the artery, excluding the thumb?
When assessing the radial pulse, which fingers are recommended to palpate the artery, excluding the thumb?
When palpating the radial pulse, what is the purpose of keeping the ring finger proximal to the heart?
When palpating the radial pulse, what is the purpose of keeping the ring finger proximal to the heart?
When assessing the brachial artery pulse, where should the hand be placed relative to the patient's elbow?
When assessing the brachial artery pulse, where should the hand be placed relative to the patient's elbow?
Which of the following is a critical precaution to observe when assessing the carotid pulse?
Which of the following is a critical precaution to observe when assessing the carotid pulse?
When locating the dorsalis pedis artery, which anatomical landmark serves as a key reference point?
When locating the dorsalis pedis artery, which anatomical landmark serves as a key reference point?
Which of the following best describes the location for assessing the popliteal pulse?
Which of the following best describes the location for assessing the popliteal pulse?
What is the accepted normal range for resting heart rate in healthy adults?
What is the accepted normal range for resting heart rate in healthy adults?
A patient presents with a sustained heart rate of 115 beats per minute. Based on the information, how should this condition be classified?
A patient presents with a sustained heart rate of 115 beats per minute. Based on the information, how should this condition be classified?
In pulse assessment, what does the term ‘rhythm’ primarily evaluate?
In pulse assessment, what does the term ‘rhythm’ primarily evaluate?
Which of the following qualities describes a pulse with a 'bounding' character?
Which of the following qualities describes a pulse with a 'bounding' character?
Of the following options, which values represent the normal range for human adult body temperature?
Of the following options, which values represent the normal range for human adult body temperature?
Which of the following is considered a vital sign?
Which of the following is considered a vital sign?
Which of the following alterations in body temperature refers to a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal?
Which of the following alterations in body temperature refers to a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal?
A patient’s body temperature reads 105°F. Estimate the Celsius temperature.
A patient’s body temperature reads 105°F. Estimate the Celsius temperature.
The displayed monitor indicates a respiratory rate of 22 RPM. Based on the reference, what is the correct term for this respiratory rate?
The displayed monitor indicates a respiratory rate of 22 RPM. Based on the reference, what is the correct term for this respiratory rate?
The body temperature of a patient alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal temperatures. Identify this type of fever.
The body temperature of a patient alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal temperatures. Identify this type of fever.
If the radial artery is palpated to assess pulse, what should be kept proximal to the heart?
If the radial artery is palpated to assess pulse, what should be kept proximal to the heart?
When placing the blood pressure cuff, what artery should be palpated?
When placing the blood pressure cuff, what artery should be palpated?
To locate the carotid artery, you should place your fingers at the level of the cricoid cartilage just inside which border?
To locate the carotid artery, you should place your fingers at the level of the cricoid cartilage just inside which border?
To locate the dorsalis pedis artery, you should place your fingers just lateral to which tendon?
To locate the dorsalis pedis artery, you should place your fingers just lateral to which tendon?
When counting the pulse rate of a patient with regular pulse, how long should you count?
When counting the pulse rate of a patient with regular pulse, how long should you count?
If a patient heart rate is less than 60, the patient is experiencing:
If a patient heart rate is less than 60, the patient is experiencing:
Which of the following is an observation for pulse rhythm?
Which of the following is an observation for pulse rhythm?
What does the pulse volume measure?
What does the pulse volume measure?
What is the meaning of the pulse as derived from the Greek?
What is the meaning of the pulse as derived from the Greek?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at common way?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at common way?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at safest way?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at safest way?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at most accurate way?
Which is a location for assessing body temperature known at most accurate way?
A patient's body temperature is measured at 36.2°C. Considering the normal range, which factor could potentially explain this reading?
A patient's body temperature is measured at 36.2°C. Considering the normal range, which factor could potentially explain this reading?
A patient presents with a body temperature of 40°C (104°F). Considering the classifications of altered body temperatures, how would you best describe this condition?
A patient presents with a body temperature of 40°C (104°F). Considering the classifications of altered body temperatures, how would you best describe this condition?
A patient consistently exhibits fluctuating body temperatures, with peaks occurring in the late afternoon and returning to normal by morning. Which type of fever pattern is MOST likely being displayed?
A patient consistently exhibits fluctuating body temperatures, with peaks occurring in the late afternoon and returning to normal by morning. Which type of fever pattern is MOST likely being displayed?
When assessing a patient's respiratory rate, you notice the rate is slightly irregular but falls within the normal range. What would be the MOST appropriate next step?
When assessing a patient's respiratory rate, you notice the rate is slightly irregular but falls within the normal range. What would be the MOST appropriate next step?
A patient's respiratory assessment reveals shallow breaths at a rate of 14 breaths per minute. How should this respiratory pattern be classified?
A patient's respiratory assessment reveals shallow breaths at a rate of 14 breaths per minute. How should this respiratory pattern be classified?
During an assessment, a patient inhales, expanding their chest, and then exhales forcefully. What physiological action is specifically represented by the exhalation phase?
During an assessment, a patient inhales, expanding their chest, and then exhales forcefully. What physiological action is specifically represented by the exhalation phase?
When evaluating a patient's radial pulse, you note that the artery walls feel thickened and less elastic than normal. What could this potentially indicate?
When evaluating a patient's radial pulse, you note that the artery walls feel thickened and less elastic than normal. What could this potentially indicate?
While assessing the radial pulse, you find it difficult to palpate and note that it disappears with only slight pressure. How would you document the pulse volume?
While assessing the radial pulse, you find it difficult to palpate and note that it disappears with only slight pressure. How would you document the pulse volume?
You are preparing to assess the popliteal pulse on a patient. Which action would BEST facilitate accurate palpation of this pulse?
You are preparing to assess the popliteal pulse on a patient. Which action would BEST facilitate accurate palpation of this pulse?
A patient's heart rate is assessed at 52 beats per minute. What term BEST describes this heart rate?
A patient's heart rate is assessed at 52 beats per minute. What term BEST describes this heart rate?
Flashcards
What are vital signs?
What are vital signs?
Measurements of the body's fundamental functions, indicating overall health status.
List the vital signs
List the vital signs
The five main vital signs monitored are: body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
Normal body temperature range
Normal body temperature range
The normal range for body temperature is between 36.7 to 37.2 degrees Celsius.
Pyrexia
Pyrexia
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Hyperpyrexia
Hyperpyrexia
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Hypothermia
Hypothermia
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Frostbite
Frostbite
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Electronic thermometer
Electronic thermometer
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Glass (mercury) thermometer
Glass (mercury) thermometer
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Paper thermometer
Paper thermometer
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Tympanic Membrane Thermometer
Tympanic Membrane Thermometer
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Non Contact Infrared Thermometers
Non Contact Infrared Thermometers
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Oral temperature measurement
Oral temperature measurement
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Axillary temperature measurement
Axillary temperature measurement
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Rectal temperature measurement
Rectal temperature measurement
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Tympanic Membrane Temperature
Tympanic Membrane Temperature
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Intermittent Fever
Intermittent Fever
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Remittent Fever
Remittent Fever
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Contant Fever
Contant Fever
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Relapsing Fever
Relapsing Fever
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Inspiration (inhalation)
Inspiration (inhalation)
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Expiration (exhalation)
Expiration (exhalation)
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Respiratory Rate
Respiratory Rate
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Normal Respiratory Rate
Normal Respiratory Rate
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Bradypnea
Bradypnea
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Tachypnea
Tachypnea
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Apnea
Apnea
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Arterial Pulse
Arterial Pulse
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Upper limb pulse sites
Upper limb pulse sites
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Radial Pulse
Radial Pulse
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Radial Pulse Examination
Radial Pulse Examination
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Brachial Artery pulse
Brachial Artery pulse
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Carotid Artery Pulse
Carotid Artery Pulse
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Lower limb pulse sites
Lower limb pulse sites
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Dorsalis Pedis pulse
Dorsalis Pedis pulse
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Posterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
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Popliteal Pulse Location
Popliteal Pulse Location
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Pulse Rate Comment
Pulse Rate Comment
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Normal Adult Pulse Rate
Normal Adult Pulse Rate
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia
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Rhythm Examination
Rhythm Examination
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Pulse Volume
Pulse Volume
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Study Notes
- Vital signs are measurements of the body's basic functions.
- Normal vital signs vary with age, sex, weight, exercise tolerance, and overall health.
- The five main vital signs typically monitored are body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.
Temperature
- A normal body temperature range is between 36.7 to 37.2 degrees Celsius.
- Formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: C= (Fahrenheit -32) × 5/9
Alterations in Body Temperature
- Pyrexia, hyperthermia, or fever, indicates a body temperature above the usual range.
- Hyperpyrexia is a very high temperature, such as 41°C (105°F).
- Hypothermia indicates a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal.
- Frostbite is freezing of the body's surface areas like earlobes, fingers, and toes when exposed to extremely low temperatures.
Types of Thermometers
- Electronic (digital) thermometers are used to measure body temperature.
- Glass (mercury) thermometers are also used to measure body temperature.
- Paper thermometers can measure body temperature.
- Tympanic membrane thermometers are used to measure body temperature.
- Non-contact infrared thermometers are used to measure body temperature.
Sites for Assessing Body Temperature
- Oral (common way): A reliable temperature reading is taken by placing the thermometer posteriorly into the sublingual pocket for 3-5 minutes, with a normal temperature reading of 37°C.
- The sublingual artery is close to this landmark, so this location monitors changes in core body temperature.
- Axillary (safe way): Temperature is measured at the axilla by placing the thermometer in the central position and adducting the arm close to the chest wall for 10 minutes.
- The reading will be 36°C + 0.5°C
- It is considered an unreliable site for estimating core body temperature because there are no main blood vessels around this area, and 0.5°C should be added to the actual reading.
- Rectal (accurate reading): Rectal temperature is the most accurate method for measuring core temperature, with a reading of 37°C – 0.5°C taken in 2-3 minutes.
- 0.5°C should be reduced to the actual reading.
- Tympanic membrane: A tympanic thermometer senses reflected infrared emissions from the tympanic membrane through a probe placed in the external auditory canal, giving a quick reading.
Respiratory Rate
- Inspiration (inhalation) means breathing in.
- Expiration (exhalation) means breathing out.
- Respiratory rate is the number of breaths per minute.
- The normal range of the respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths per minute
Characters of Respiratory Rate
- Bradypnea is a respiratory rate of 10 or fewer breaths per minute.
- Tachypnea is a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths per minute.
- Apnea is the cessation of breathing.
Pulse
- Pulse: A Greek word meaning "move to and fro".
- Arterial pulse: A wave produced by cardiac systole traversing in the peripheral direction in the arterial tree.
Sites of Pulse Examination
- Sites for pulse examination include UL (upper limb), neck, LL (lower limb), and apical pulse.
UL Pulse Sites
- Brachial
- Radial
- Ulnar
How to Examine Radial Pulse
- Palpate with 3 fingers – index, middle & ring.
- Ring finger should be kept proximal to the heart.
- Index finger should be distal from the heart to obliterate the back flow from the ulnar artery, giving light pressure to obliterate.
- Rest all parameters of pulse are judged by the middle finger
Brachial Artery
- Rest the patient's arm with elbow extended, palm up.
- Use the thumb of the opposite hand.
- Cup your hand under the patient’s elbow.
- Feel the pulse just medial to the biceps tendon.
The Carotid Artery
- Have the patient lie down with the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees.
- Carotid pulsations may be visible just medial to the sternomastoid.
- Place the left thumb on the right carotid artery in the lower third of the neck; Never press both carotids at the same time.
LL Pulsations
- Femoral
- Popliteal
- Anterior Tibial
- Posterior Tibial
- Dorsalis Pedis
Comment on Pulse
- Rate between 60-100.
- Rhythm
- Force, tension, volume
- Character
- Equality on both sides
- Condition of arterial wall
- Apex pulse ratio
Pulse Rate
- Normal adult heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute.
- To count, measure for 15 seconds and multiply this number by four to calculate heart rate per minute.
Pulse Tachycardia and Bradycardia
- Tachycardia is a heart rate in excess of 100 beats per minute in an adult.
- Bradycardia is a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute in an adult.
Rhythm Observation
- Regularly regular indicates the pulse is measured at a regular interval.
- Irregularly regular indicates any irregularity at regular intervals.
- Irregularity is repeated irregularly at irregular intervals.
Pulse Volume
- Pulse volume measures the strength or amplitude of force exerted by the ejected blood against the arterial wall with each contraction:
- Weak (thready and usually rapid).
- Normal (full, easily palpable).
- Strong (bounding).
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