Vital Signs Measurement

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Questions and Answers

When measuring a patient's oral temperature, which action would lead to an inaccurate reading?

  • Using a lubricated sheath or cover on the thermometer probe.
  • Waiting 15 minutes after the patient consumed hot or cold liquids. (correct)
  • Positioning the thermometer probe in the sublingual pocket.
  • Instructing the patient to keep their mouth closed throughout the measurement.

Which factor would most likely cause a falsely low blood pressure reading?

  • Using a blood pressure cuff that is too narrow for the patient's arm.
  • Positioning the patient's arm above the level of the heart. (correct)
  • Reinflating the cuff without completely deflating it first.
  • Inflating the blood pressure cuff too slowly.

A patient with pneumonia is breathing rapidly. How would you accurately assess their respiratory rate?

  • Inform the patient you will be assessing their respirations; observe and count the number of breaths for 15 seconds, then multiply by four.
  • Count the number of breaths while appearing to assess the patient's radial pulse for a full minute. (correct)
  • Observe the rise and fall of the patient's chest for 15 seconds, informing the patient they will be assessed, then multiply by four.
  • Ask the patient to breathe normally, and count the number of breaths for 30 seconds, then multiply by two.

Which clinical situation is a contraindication for using the temporal artery to assess temperature?

<p>A patient with excessive diaphoresis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for using a systematic approach during a physical assessment?

<p>To ensure efficient use of time and minimize patient fatigue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a general survey, which observation would be most concerning and require immediate follow-up?

<p>Acute distress and labored breathing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing auscultation of the abdomen, in which order should you assess?

<p>Auscultate before palpation to avoid altering bowel sounds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is an example of subjective data?

<p>A patient's reported pain level of '8' on a scale of 0 to 10. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which abdominal quadrant would you expect to palpate the liver?

<p>Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which consideration is most important for the nurse to assess in an elderly patient during a physical examination?

<p>Cognitive status. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nursing assessment should be prioritized before assisting a patient with a shower?

<p>Assess the patient's mobility and ability to assist with the bathing process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary rationale for using clean gloves during a patient's bed bath?

<p>To prevent the spread of microorganisms and maintain infection control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with limited mobility is being bathed. Which area requires special attention to prevent skin breakdown?

<p>The elbows and coccyx. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During perineal care for a female patient, in which direction should the nurse cleanse?

<p>From pubic area to rectum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An elderly patient with dementia is resisting oral hygiene. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

<p>Use gentle persuasion, demonstrating each step of the process. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When providing denture care, what step is essential to ensure patient safety?

<p>Lining the sink with a towel to prevent breakage if they are dropped. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient consistently refuses a bath. What is the nurse's priority action?

<p>Explain the potential health consequences and benefits of bathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential teaching point to include when educating a patient about foot care, particularly for those with diabetes or circulatory issues?

<p>Inspect feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or signs of infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which location is generally considered most accurate for measuring core body temperature?

<p>Rectal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change should be made when taking blood pressure on a patient who has had a double mastectomy with lymph node removal?

<p>Take the blood pressure in the lower extremity (thigh). (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most important when performing a head-to-toe assessment?

<p>Ensuring the patient has privacy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is experiencing acute shortness of breath. Which assessment should be completed first?

<p>Assess respiratory rate and effort. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes objective data obtained during a physical assessment?

<p>Skin is warm, dry, and intact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing the carotid arteries, what is most important for the nurse to do?

<p>Auscultate each artery for bruits with the bell of the stethoscope. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should the nurse be most aware of when assessing pedal pulses in a patient with peripheral vascular disease?

<p>Strength and presence of the pulse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding indicates a risk for falls in an older adult?

<p>A widened gait and unsteady balance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action demonstrates appropriate safety measures during a bed bath?

<p>Ensuring the bed is in the lowest position with the brakes locked. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient receiving oxygen via nasal cannula, which area needs frequent monitoring?

<p>Nares (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient who is NPO (nothing by mouth) requires frequent oral care. What is the most appropriate intervention?

<p>Provide mouth swabs with moistening solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a patient. Which action is most crucial to ensure patient safety?

<p>Checking the patient's allergies and medication history. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment is completed to determine the neurovascular status of a limb?

<p>Capillary refill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports feeling anxious prior to a procedure. What is the nurse's best initial response?

<p>&quot;Can you describe what you are feeling?&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary technique used to assess skin turgor?

<p>Palpation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse can use the Glasgow Coma Scale when assessing what?

<p>Level of Consciousness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most important when delegating hygiene care to assistive personnel?

<p>Ensuring the task falls under their scope of practice. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is scheduled to have a blood draw. What information is important for the nurse to verify about the blood draw?

<p>The required lab tests. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What question is most important for the nurse to ask a patient before administering a new medication?

<p>&quot;Do you have any allergies?&quot; (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a fever is shivering. What is the rationale for providing an extra blanket?

<p>Promote comfort and reduce shivering. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing peripheral edema, what location is most commonly assessed?

<p>Feet and Ankles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is used to assess the size, shape, and consistency of abdominal organs?

<p>Palpation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is most at risk for developing a pressure injury?

<p>Bedridden patient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a right arm cast that extends to the elbow. What assessment finding should be immediately reported?

<p>Numbness and tingling in fingers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Normal Vital Signs

Typical values for body temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation.

Temperature Measurement Sites

Oral: Under the tongue. Tympanic: In the ear. Temporal: Across the forehead. Axillary: Under the arm. Rectal: In the rectum.

Blood Pressure Measurement

Locate the artery, apply the cuff, inflate, then slowly deflate while listening with a stethoscope.

Respiration Rate Assessment

Count the number of breaths per minute by observing chest rise and fall.

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Oxygen Saturation Measurement

Using a pulse oximeter, measure the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen.

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Contraindications for Vital Signs

Conditions or factors that make it unsafe or inappropriate to perform a specific vital sign measurement (e.g., mastectomy on the arm for blood pressure).

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Head-to-Toe Assessment

A comprehensive assessment that examines the patient from head to toe to identify any health-related issues.

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Physical Assessment Techniques

Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.

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General Survey

A nurse's initial impression of the patient, including appearance, behavior, and vital signs.

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Subjective Data

Information provided by the patient (e.g., pain level).

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Objective Data

Measurable data such as vital signs, lab results, and physical examination findings.

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Organ Assessment Locations

Heart (chest), Lungs (chest), Bowel (abdomen).

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Factors Affecting Patient Assessment

Fluid status, underlying medical conditions, age, and cognitive function.

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Pre-Bathing Assessment

Assessing skin integrity, mobility, and patient preferences.

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Bathing Safety Measures

Providing privacy, using proper body mechanics, and ensuring water temperature is safe.

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Perineal Care

Cleaning the genital and anal areas as part of hygiene.

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Oral Hygiene

Brushing teeth, flossing, and using mouthwash.

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Denture Care

Handling, cleaning, and storing dentures properly.

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Patient Refusal of Care

Respecting a patient's decision to refuse hygiene care and documenting it.

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Patient Hygiene Education

Teaching patients about proper hygiene techniques and the importance of oral care.

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Study Notes

Vital Signs

  • Proper techniques are needed for accurate vital sign measurement
  • This includes temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respirations, and oxygen saturation

Temperature Measurement

  • Temperatures can be taken through various routes: oral, axillary, tympanic, temporal, and rectal
  • Each route has its own normal values

Blood Pressure Measurement

  • Blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
  • Proper cuff size and placement are essential
  • The patient should be seated with their arm supported at heart level

Pulse Measurement

  • Pulse is assessed for rate, rhythm, and strength
  • Common sites include radial, brachial, and carotid arteries

Respiration Measurement

  • Respiratory rate is observed by counting the number of breaths per minute.
  • Note the depth and rhythm

Oxygen Saturation

  • Oxygen saturation is measured using a pulse oximeter, typically placed on a finger or earlobe
  • It measures the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

Contraindications for Vital Signs

  • Certain conditions may make it difficult or impossible to obtain vital signs accurately
  • Examples include recent surgery on an extremity (for blood pressure) or altered mental status (for oral temperature)

Head-to-Toe Assessment

  • A systematic approach to physical assessment is commonly used
  • Usually it proceeds from head to toe

Head-to-Toe Assessment Normals

  • Normal findings for each body system need to be known so that deviations can be identified

Head-to-Toe Assessment Sequence

  • Inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation are usually used
  • The sequence may vary depending on the body system being assessed

General Survey

  • The general survey involves observing the patient's overall appearance, hygiene, and behavior

Physical Assessment Techniques

  • Inspection involves visual examination
  • Palpation uses touch to assess texture, temperature, and masses
  • Percussion involves striking body surfaces to produce sounds
  • Auscultation involves listening to body sounds with a stethoscope.

Subjective vs Objective Data

  • Subjective data is what the patient tells you
  • Objective data is what you observe or measure

Organ Assessment

  • Specific areas of the body are used to assess specific organs
  • Example: the abdomen for bowel sounds

Factors Affecting Assessment

  • The nurse should consider factors such as fluid status, underlying conditions, and age when assessing patients.

Hygiene: Bathing Considerations

  • Prior to bathing, assess the patient's physical and cognitive abilities, skin condition, and preferences
  • Perineal care is an important part of bathing

Hygiene: Safety

  • Safety measures must be implemented during hygiene care to prevent falls and injuries

Hygiene: Oral Hygiene

  • Oral hygiene includes brushing teeth, flossing, and using mouthwash

Hygiene: Denture Care

  • Dentures requires special cleaning and handling to prevent damage or loss

Hygiene: Refusal

  • Patients have the right to refuse hygiene care
  • The nurse should try to understand the reasons for refusal and provide education

Hygiene: Patient Education

  • Educate patients about the importance of hygiene and how to perform it safely and effectively

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