Vital Signs Assessment

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Questions and Answers

Which action reflects the purpose of evaluating vital signs in nursing practice?

  • Modifying the patient's treatment regimen based on the latest vital sign readings.
  • Knowing normal vital sign values to accurately evaluate a patient. (correct)
  • Documenting vital signs in the electronic health record.
  • Following a physician's order to monitor a patient's blood pressure every four hours.

What factors can cause variations in an individual's vital signs readings?

  • Stress levels, dressing type, and time of day. (correct)
  • Socioeconomic status, past medical history, and ethnicity.
  • Indoor temperature, food intake, and medication schedule.
  • Gender, height, and weight.

A nurse is preparing to assess a patient's vital signs. Which action should the nurse prioritize to ensure accurate results?

  • Using an electronic method even if a manual method is available.
  • Asking another healthcare provider to verify the accuracy of the equipment.
  • Ensuring the equipment used is reliable and appropriate for the patient's condition. (correct)
  • Using different equipment each time to allow for equipment variation and error reduction.

When should vital signs analyzed?

<p>After vital signs are measured, they should be analyzed absolutely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should vital signs be assessed for a patient admitted to a healthcare facility?

<p>Before and after medical interventions that may affect life signs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological process best illustrates the concept of body temperature regulation?

<p>The balance between heat production and heat loss. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanisms can the body use to decrease body temperature when it is elevated?

<p>Vasodilation and sweating. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's temperature cannot be taken orally. What other body site is closest in value?

<p>Frontal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is most important for the nurse to perform before using an electronic thermometer on a patient?

<p>Select the correct cover for the electronic thermometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which patients is the tympanic temperature route contraindicated?

<p>Patients with impacted cerumen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which case is the rectal route for measuring temperature most appropriate?

<p>When other routes are contraindicated or inaccessible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which patients is the oral temperature route most unsafe?

<p>In patients with dyspnea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is essential when measuring axillary temperature to ensure accuracy?

<p>Ensuring the axilla is dry before placing the thermometer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach for measuring temperature in a confused and agitated patient?

<p>Use of the tympanic or axillary route. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to an increased body temperature?

<p>Exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient’s pulse, which characteristics should be evaluated?

<p>Rate, rhythm, and volume. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse rate for adults?

<p>60-100 beats per minute. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a pulse rate above 100 beats per minute in an adult?

<p>Tachycardia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can affect the pulse rate?

<p>Gender. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse assesses a patient's apical pulse and radial pulse simultaneously and notes a difference. What does this indicate?

<p>A pulse deficit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a 'thready' pulse?

<p>A weak pulse that is difficult to palpate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is pulse rate counted?

<p>In order to decide rate, rhythm and contraction of the heart. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the healthcare professional take a pulse on a 0-1 age?

<p>0-1 age; apical / brachial/femoral artery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should the fingers be placed for Peripheral Pulse Taking?

<p>The sign, middle, and ring finger are placed on the artery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse assesses a patient's pulse and notices an irregular rhythm. What should the nurse do next?

<p>Count the pulse for a full minute and assess for a pulse deficit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which range defines the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

<p>12-20/min. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes difficult or labored breathing?

<p>Dyspnea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following the assessment of the pulse, what assessment is next?

<p>Respiratory rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important steps should be considered for assessing respiration?

<p>Wash your hands and prepare the materials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions maintain patient safety when assessing respirations?

<p>Position the patient so that the rib cage is visible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oxygen saturation measure?

<p>The maximum amount of oxygen-rich hemoglobin pulsating through the blood vessels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse oximeter readings?

<p>From 95 to 100 percent, under most circumstances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pulse oximetry refers to?

<p>Noninvasive, painless, general indicator of oxygen delivery to the peripheral tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which definition describes hypoxemia?

<p>Describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring oxygen saturation using a finger probe, what should the clinician do?

<p>The finger probe is placed so that the light source is on the finger. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological process is directly measured when assessing oxygen saturation?

<p>The quantity of oxygen-rich hemoglobin in the blood. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure?

<p>A measure of the force that heart uses to pump blood around your body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ideal blood pressure?

<p>Ideal blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization, what is the limit value for hypertension in adults?

<p>140/90mmHg. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect blood pressure?

<p>Shoe Size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which steps to consider before taking patients blood pressure?

<p>Position, supine, semi fowler-fowler. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If it is the individual's first blood pressure assessment should be performed on both arms?

<p>Yes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body maintain a stable internal temperature?

<p>Through a balanced regulation of heat production and heat loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanisms does the body employ to reduce temperature when it's overheated?

<p>Sweating and vasodilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do daily activities affect an individual's vital signs?

<p>They can cause variations based on degree of exertion, stress, and sleep patterns. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the hypothalamus play in thermoregulation?

<p>It serves as the body's thermostat, regulating temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors can lead to significant changes in an individual's normal vital sign readings?

<p>Ovulation cycle and time of day. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the normal body temperature values, which temperature is considered an average oral temperature?

<p>$37.0^\circ C$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should tympanic temperature measurement be performed to ensure accuracy?

<p>By ensuring the ear canal is free of wax buildup and using traction on the earlobe to straighten the ear canal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the rectal route for measuring temperature most appropriate?

<p>When accuracy is critical and other methods are not feasible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when measuring axillary temperature to ensure accuracy?

<p>Ensuring the axilla is dry and the thermometer is in full contact with the skin. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition defines hypothermia?

<p>Body temperature at $35^\circ C$ or below. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would you consider as an increased body temperature called hyperthermia?

<p>Above $38^\circ C$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be the next nursing intervention is essential when you identify a patient has a pulse deficit?

<p>Call the doctor and inform. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is especially important to maintain peripheral pulse, or to let patient be able to rest?

<p>The patient should not be standing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body regulate respiration, such as breath rate, depth or rhythm?

<p>Through the medulla oblongata and pons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If one has a regular breathing, how long should it count, and do the clinicians have to do?

<p>30 seconds and multiply by 2 to find the number of respirations per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The respiration consists of what?

<p>Ventilation, Diffusion, Perfussion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiration, What is the definition of ventilation?

<p>The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the lungs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiration, what is the definition of perfusion?

<p>Which the lung of circulation, is carried in the blood and passes to the tissues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the average respiration values for an adult?

<p>12-20/minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement should be considered to maintain patient safety when assessing respirations?

<p>Inform patients that we never tell the patient that we count respiration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use a noninvasive method, such as pulse oximetry?

<p>Because the method measures oxygen level in the blood, without causing any pain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For pulse oximetry, where can clinicians attach the device?

<p>Such as the finger, earlobe, or nose. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While pulse oximetry, what term does titration describe?

<p>Oxygen-rich hemoglobin pulsating through the blood vessels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While performing routine assessments, a nurse notes that a patient's body temperature is 35°C. Which condition is the patient experiencing?

<p>Hypothermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's tympanic temperature reading is inaccurate due to cerumen impaction. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

<p>Use an alternative method such as axillary temperature measurement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is evaluating a patient whose apical pulse rate is 92 bpm, while the radial pulse rate is 80 bpm. What is the pulse deficit?

<p>12 bpm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse needs to measure the body temperature of an 8-year-old child. Which method is generally considered the safest and least invasive for this age group?

<p>Temporal artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse finds that a patient has a respiration rate of 28 breaths per minute. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?

<p>Tachypnea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibits Kussmaul's respirations. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely present?

<p>Metabolic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse observes a patient experiencing periods of increased rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea. Which respiratory pattern is the patient exhibiting?

<p>Cheyne-Stokes respirations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During an assessment of a patient with a respiratory condition, the nurse observes a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Which condition is the patient exhibiting?

<p>Cyanosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In assessing body temperature using a tympanic thermometer, which of the following actions ensures the most accurate measurement?

<p>Using a disposable plastic cover and gently straightening the ear canal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution is most important when using a glass thermometer?

<p>Avoid use due to environmental and health hazards. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While assessing a patient's pulse, a nurse finds that the pulse rate is significantly higher than the patient's baseline. Which factor could be responsible for the change?

<p>Medications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon assessing a patient, a nurse documents the presence of a thready pulse. Which characteristic does this describe?

<p>A weak and rapid pulse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it most appropriate to assess vital signs more frequently than the standard schedule?

<p>When there is a sudden deterioration in the patient's condition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the nurse in assessing vital signs?

<p>Collecting, evaluating vital sign data, and informing other team members. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to assess heart rate with pulse?

<p>Decide the rate, rhythm and contraction of the heart. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which circumstances must pulse be measured at the carotid artery?

<p>When a 1 year old baby. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When must the pulse measurement be approximately 1 minute?

<p>If the pulse rate is not stable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a nurse hold the arm while measuring a patient's blood pressure?

<p>To provide support and improve accuracy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

While recording patients blood pressure, what is important to ensure?

<p>Patients are unable to talk. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to measure a patient's body temperature using the tympanic method. What is the rationale for placing a disposable plastic cover over the thermometer receiver?

<p>To prevent cross-contamination and ensure accurate temperature measurements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a health assessment, a nurse notes that a patient's skin and mucous membranes have a bluish discoloration. Which term should the nurse use to document this finding?

<p>Cyanosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring a patient's pulse, a nurse notes an irregular rhythm. What is the priority nursing action?

<p>Assess the apical pulse for a full minute to accurately determine the heart rate and rhythm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibits a respiratory pattern characterized by an increased rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea. What term would the nurse use to report this?

<p>Cheyne-Stokes respirations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is assessing a patient's respiration and observes that the patient is using accessory muscles to breathe. What does this indicate?

<p>The patient is experiencing increased respiratory effort or difficulty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to use a pulse oximeter on a patient with poor peripheral circulation. Which alternative site might provide a more accurate reading?

<p>Ear lobe (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary healthcare provider prescribes a medication to manage hypertensive patients. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize to determine the medication's effectiveness?

<p>Assessing the patient's blood pressure regularly and comparing it to baseline values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient's blood pressure for the first time, the nurse decides to measure blood pressure in both arms. What is the primary rationale for comparing blood pressure readings in both arms?

<p>To identify potential circulatory problems or arterial obstructions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nurse is assessing the body temperature of an adult patient. Which factor will cause from the nurse to avoid the use of the oral route.

<p>The patient is receiving oxygen by nasal cannula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is evaluating an adult patient's vital signs. Which finding requires immediate intervention?

<p>Oxygen saturation of 88% on room air (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient's pulse, a nurse notes that it feels weak and thready. This finding is most commonly associated with which of the following conditions?

<p>Dehydration or shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse assesses a patient and finds a pulse rate of 52 beats per minute. Which factor could contribute to this finding?

<p>Medications, such as beta blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for a nurse to avoid taking blood pressure on an arm if the patient has a history of mastectomy and lymph node removal on that side?

<p>To prevent lymphedema formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports feeling dizzy when standing up from a lying position. What is the rationale for the nurse to assess the patient's orthostatic blood pressure?

<p>To assess for a drop in blood pressure upon position change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should the nurse consider to ensure patient safety when assessing a patient’s respiratory rate?

<p>Observing the patient's chest movement without the patient's awareness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in accurately assessing axillary temperature in a patient?

<p>Ensuring the axilla is dry before placing the thermometer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate action for a nurse to take after identifying a pulse deficit in a patient?

<p>Assess for other signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to assess a patient's respiratory rate. If the respirations are regular, which duration is most appropriate for counting the rate?

<p>30 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter, what should the nurse do to promote accuracy?

<p>Use a site with adequate circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When measuring blood pressure, after placing the cuff, what is the rationale for palpating the brachial artery before applying the stethoscope?

<p>To determine where to place the stethoscope diaphragm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are vital signs?

Basic indicators of an individual's health status.

What is body temperature?

Balance between heat produced and heat consumed.

What is the hypothalamus?

A thermoregulation center in the brain.

What is vasodilation?

A thermoregulation response causing decrease in heat.

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What is hypothermia?

Body temperature below 35°C

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What is hyperthermia?

Body temperature above 38°C

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What is a range from 36,5 °C to 37,5 °C?

The normal values of body temperature when measured orally.

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What is pulse?

A pulse is the number of heartbeats per minute.

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What is bradycardia?

Pulse rate below 60 beats per minute.

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What is tachycardia?

Pulse rate above 100 beats per minute.

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What is pulse deficit?

Difference between apical and peripheral pulse rates; arrhythmia signal.

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What is filiform pulse?

Pulse rate over 130 per minute

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What 3 parameters for Pulse Assessment?

Assessing pulse means evaluation the rate, rhythm, and volume.

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What regulates respiration?

Normal respiration is regulated in brainstem's medulla oblongata and pons.

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What is respiration?

Process that begins with breathing; taking in O2 and releasing CO2.

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What are O2/CO2 exchanges in Internal respiration?

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange cells and blood circulation

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What is ventiliation?

The movement of air in and out of the lungs?

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What happens in diffusion?

O2 passes from alveoli to lung circulation, CO2 from lung circulation to alveoli

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What happens in perfusion?

O2 carried in blood to tissues, and CO2 goes back to lungs for circulation

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What is eupnea ?

Respiratory cycle with Normal rate, equal depth, 12-20 breaths/min

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What is bradypnea ?

Below normal breathing < 10 breaths/min.

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What is tachypnea?

Above the 24 breaths/min usually shallow and quick

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What is the Kussmaul breathing ?

Is a very deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis and kidney failure

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What is Biot's Respirations?

Irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea

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What is cheyne-stokes respiration?

An abnormal breathing pattern is characterized by progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease in rate.It consists of alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea.

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What is apnea?

Complete absence of breathing.

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What ist Anoxia?

Absence of oxygen supply to an organ or tissue. Lack of O2.

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What is Hypoxia?

Cells and tissues are not get enough oxygen.

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What is Dyspnea?

Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath.

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What is cyanosis?

Bluish or purplish discoloration of skin, indicating low oxygen saturation.

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What is pulse oximetry?

Procedure measuring oxygen level (or oxygen saturation) in the blood.

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What is Hypoxemia?

Describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood

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What is blood pressure?

Force that heart uses to pump blood around your body.

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What is systolic pressure?

The pressure when heart pushes blood out (systole of the ventricles).

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What is diastolic pressure?

The pressure when the heart rests between beats (Diastole of ventricles).

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What is Ideal Blood Pressue between?

Ideal blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60mmHg and 120/80mmHg

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What is Hypertension?

Blood pressure is considered to be 140/90mmHg or higher

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What is Hypotension?

Arterial blood pressure is below normal value, is called "hypotension".

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What is pulse pressure?

Numeric difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

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Study Notes

  • Vital signs serve as fundamental indicators of an individual's health status

Purposes of Vital Signs Assessment

  • Vital signs are identified correctly
  • Normal vital sign values are known and assessed
  • Evaluating vital signs involves measurement

List of Vital Signs

  • Body Temperature
  • Pulse
  • Respiration
  • Oxygen Saturation
  • Blood Pressure

Factors Causing Vital Sign Changes

  • Vital signs are basic indicators of health
  • Changes may happen due to different times of day, age, ovulation state, seasons, physical activity, dressing type, environmental heat, stress, or disease.

Guidelines for Assessing Vital Signs

  • Nurses must know how to obtain and evaluate vital signs and communicate them to team members.
  • Equipment needs to be reliable and selected based on the characteristics and condition of the patient.
  • Normal vital sign values have to be known
  • It's essential to know the patient's medical diagnosis, treatment, and medication.
  • Consider environmental factors during assessment.
  • Regular, systematic measurements are needed
  • Effective communication with the patient while taking measurements
  • Nurses should always cooperate with doctors
  • Must analyze measurements once vital signs are taken

Frequency of Vital Signs Measurement

  • Upon patient admission
  • Before and after surgery; frequency increases post-surgery
  • Prior to and following diagnostic procedures
  • Before and after administering medications affecting the heart and respiratory system
  • When a patient's condition suddenly declines
  • Before and after medical interventions affecting life signs
  • When patients report feeling different or unwell

Body Temperature Basics

  • Focuses on body temperature, one of the vital signs
  • Body temperature reflects the balance between heat produced and heat consumed
  • Heat production minus heat loss equals body temperature
  • Balanced and consistent body temperature is crucial
  • The heat producation must equal heat consumption
  • The body generates heat from food
  • Heat loss occurs through the lungs (breathing), skin (sweating), and bodily waste (urine, feces, vomiting, blood)

Factors Influencing Body Temperature

  • Age, exercise, hormone levels, stress, and environmental conditions
  • Emotional state
  • Also basal metabolic rate, digestion, nutrition, sleep, diseases, and sympathetic nervous system induction are factors

Body Temperature Regulation

  • Thermoregulation center: Hypothalamus
  • The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat for the body
  • Vasodilation causes a decrease in heat
  • Sweating is a means of the body cooling off
  • Muscle tremor is a way to generaate heat
  • Piloerection, or the steepening of feathers, helps generate heat

Temperature Changes

  • Hypothermia happens when body temperature drops to 35°C or below
  • Hhyperthermia is classified as body temperature above 38°C.
  • Oral: 36.5°C to 37.5°C
  • Ear: 36.5°C to 37.5°C
  • Forehead: 36°C to 37°C
  • Rectal: 37°C to 38°C

Measurement of Body Temperature

  • Using a thermometer

Mercury Thermometer Information

  • Mercury is toxic, posing a threat to human health and the environment
  • Glass thermometers with mercury should not be used as they are hazardous
  • Mercury thermometers were banned by the Ministry of Health in 2009

Thermometer Types

  • Thermometers help measure temperature

Guidelines for Measuring Body Temperature

  • Always make sure materials prepared are ready
  • Sanitize your hands and make use of gloves if necessary
  • Talk to patients before you begin
  • Obtain comfortable
  • Obtain permission from the patient

Oral Measurement Information

  • Place the thermometer degrees right or left under the tongue
  • 36.5 °C - 367.5 °C

Oral Temperatures should not be taken if:

  • Patients with dyspnea
  • Children
  • Elderly
  • In psychiatric diseases
  • In non-conscious patients
  • After the surgery
  • In mouth operations
  • In case of infection
  • In patients on continuous oxygen

Key points of Oral Measurements

  • Patients should use only there thermometers
  • Drinking or eating hot or cold food can affect temperature measurement when measuring orally
  • Patients should not eat or drink anything prior to the measurement
  • Place thermometer below the tongue
  • Use a teeth should be squeezed during oral measurement

Tympanic Measurement Information

  • Measure in 1-2 seconds
  • Place receiver in 1/3 of uter ear
  • Always use disposable plastics over the receiver

Precautions for Rectal Measurements

  • Only use this measurement when heat cannot be measure with oral or axillary
  • The degree is advanced: 2.5-3.5 cm in adult, 2-2.5 cm in children, 1.2 cm in newborn

Rectal Measurement Process

  • Always close the door and keep privacy in mind while measuring the patient
  • Place patient in sims position
  • Apply some lube
  • Breath slowly and deeply
  • Remove the probe

Do Not use Rectal if:

  • Rectal bleeding is present
  • Birth
  • Maternity
  • Routine for children
  • Diarrhea

Axillary/ Forehead Measurement

  • Axillary
  • Transmit
  • Not sweaty

Forehead Measurement

  • Always use a digital thermometer

Pulse Measurement Information

  • PULSE.

Pulse, Heartbeats per Minute

  • Pulse is the counting of heatbeats

Pulse Rate Requirements

  • Pulse should always be assessed
  • Rhythm
  • Perimeters need to be accounted for during pulse assessment
  • Volume is vital to understanding a patients condition

Checking Pules for the Heart

  • Rhythms
  • Contraction

Identifying Peripheral Vascular diseases

  • Pulse can tell you of a Vascular Diseases

Pulse Rate by Age

  • Newborn: 120-160/min
  • Children: 80-120/min
  • Adult: 60-100/min

Terms of Pulse Rate

  • Bradycardia: Pulse rate that goes below 60 beats per minute.
  • Tachycardia: Rate that goes above 100 beats per minute.

Things That Affect The Pulse

  • Exercise
  • Air
  • Water

Rhythm information

  • The rythem is important to the heart

Pulse deficit:

  • The difference between the apical and peripheral pulse rates can signal an arrhythmia.

Why Evaluation is Done

  • So that the heart contracts
  • The blood is not being perfused to the periphery.

Different Between Pulse Volume

  • The 'weak pulse' is difficult to palpate
  • The pulse easily disappears

The Pulse Must Be checked when someone is:

  • Beeding
  • On shock
  • heart failure.

Checking where points

  • Check point

Femoral Artery

  • On the Graine

Carotid Artery Information

  • Can check on emergency Situations

Radial Artery Information

  • . Always has a pulse

Pulse Taking Method

  • Hands must be washed beforehand
  • The patient must be informed about
  • The conditions must be known

Peripheral Point

  • Always be rested
  • Always be appropriate

Finger Requirements

  • Two or three fingers must be placed correctly

When to Measure Pulse:

  • Heart rate is regular
  • If the pulse is measured for the first time and is irregular, it is counted for 1 minute.
  • must be countted for 30 seconds
  • and it has to be on right position

All info That is known Must be Recorded

  • After, during and after the medical measurement

Respiration Components:

  • The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs-alveoli work together for respiration.

Respiration Defined:

  • Taking in and using O2 and releasing CO2

Respiration is split

  • The 3 Things happen before going in

External Respiration:

  • Occurs between the atmosphere and the lungs

Things Exchange

  • Oxygen
  • Corbondixide

The Process

  • VENTILATION DIFFUSION PERFUSION

Ventilation Involves

  • Inspiration ventilation expiration

Gas Passage:

  • O2 passes from the alveoli to the blood
  • and toCO2

Respiration information that is known

  • Always check information to be sure

Brainstem:

  • The medulla oblongata and pons are key for respiratory regulation

Measurement Needs to be

The rate has to be very detailed

  • Important for a accurate reading

Measurement Details

In newborn: 30-60/min In adults: 12-20/min.

Rate and depth is needed for:

  • Must have a full breathing cycle

Costa Information

  • Depth is important for the patients rib cage

Lung Information

  • Eupnea Normal respirations
  • Equal rate and depth

What to do in low oxygen

  • absence of oxygen must be given to fix.

Oxygen saturation:

  • is defined as having blood color changing

After taking a Pulse:

  • Count what ever value is necessary

Each breathing cycle has

  • 1 minute
  • Each inspiration
  • inspiration happens in 1 breath

Should always consider some extra

  • Extra measurements for a accurate
  • measurement during counting for breathings

Oxygen saturation:

procedure used to measure oxygen levels in blood It is noninvasive and painless,

Pulse information

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