Vital Signs Assessment Quiz
48 Questions
15 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the normal temperature range for adults in Celsius?

  • 35.5°C–36.5°C
  • 37.2°C–38.0°C
  • 36.7°C–37.4°C (correct)
  • 36.0°C–37.0°C

Which temperature measurement method is considered the most accurate for infants and children?

  • Oral temperature
  • Tympanic temperature
  • Axillary temperature
  • Rectal temperature (correct)

What happens to the body’s need for oxygen as body temperature increases?

  • It remains unchanged
  • It increases (correct)
  • It fluctuates randomly
  • It decreases significantly

Which of the following is the correct formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

<p>T(°F) = T(°C) × 1.8 + 32 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a body temperature greater than 41°C?

<p>Hyperpyrexia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal axillary temperature range in Celsius?

<p>36.4°C–36.7°C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypothermia is indicated by a decrease in body temperature to less than what value?

<p>33.0°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of leaving a small portion of a bandaged extremity exposed?

<p>To assess the extremity for proper circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for controlling heat dissipation?

<p>Anterior hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bandage is primarily used for supporting and immobilizing an injured shoulder or arm?

<p>Triangular Bandage (Sling) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a well-applied bandage is not mentioned as important for the patient’s emotional security?

<p>Colored (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent undue and uneven pressure on tissues during bandaging?

<p>Uneven overlapping of bandage turns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which direction should an extremity be bandaged to promote venous return?

<p>Towards the trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for applying pressure while bandaging?

<p>Apply sufficient and even pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

<p>Gradual increase in depth followed by a complete stop (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with bony prominences when applying a bandage?

<p>Pad them appropriately (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which turn method involves overlapping the previous bandage turn by half or two-thirds?

<p>Spiral Turns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

<p>Brain damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes systolic blood pressure?

<p>Maximum pressure during heart contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about diastolic blood pressure is true?

<p>It reflects minimum pressure when the heart is relaxed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure when the arterial walls thicken due to disease?

<p>Blood pressure increases due to reduced flow space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines hypertension in adults?

<p>Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure typically measured?

<p>With a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure when blood volume decreases?

<p>Blood pressure decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of gloves is recommended for individuals with latex allergies?

<p>Vinyl gloves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the systematic wearing of gowns recommended?

<p>Only when specific measures indicate it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What personal protective equipment is essential when there is a risk of splashes or projections of bodily fluids?

<p>Mask, goggles, and face shield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cases of airborne infections like tuberculosis, what is recommended for respiratory protection?

<p>N95 masks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for wearing non-sterile clothing or accessories during medical procedures?

<p>To provide a protective barrier against contamination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause contamination in an intervention room?

<p>Projection of saliva or falling hair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory is specifically mentioned as helping to maximize asepsis in an operating room?

<p>Shoe covers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to check with the manufacturer regarding vinyl gloves?

<p>To verify they provide an adequate barrier to microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of drying surfaces after cleaning?

<p>To prevent microbial proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method used for disinfection?

<p>Boiling water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect the level of disinfection?

<p>Level of humidity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is distilled or deionized water sometimes required for rinsing?

<p>It prevents mineral deposits from forming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after cleaning surfaces that have been contaminated with blood?

<p>Sanitize with a low-level disinfectant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High-level disinfection is primarily necessary for which type of equipment?

<p>Semi-critical equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a biofilm?

<p>A layer of bacteria trapped in an extracellular substance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should soaking solutions be changed?

<p>When their expiration date is reached (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component needed to prevent fluid overload when using Lactated Ringer's?

<p>It is isotonic with a different composition than normal saline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which IV fluid is commonly used for flushing contrast media in medical imaging?

<p>Normal saline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drip is characterized by delivering 60 gtts/ml?

<p>Micro-drip (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically required for IV setup?

<p>Scalpel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to displace all air from the IV tubing?

<p>To prevent air emboli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactated Ringer's in IV therapy?

<p>To replace fluids and electrolytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing for IV setup, why is it important to use clean gloves?

<p>To prevent contamination of the IV fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antimicrobial swabs in IV setup?

<p>To sterilize the insertion site (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A pattern of breathing with alternating periods of increased and decreased rate and depth, often followed by a period of apnea (no breathing).

Blood Pressure (B.P.)

The force exerted by blood against the arterial walls.

Systolic Blood Pressure

The maximum pressure during heart contraction.

Diastolic Blood Pressure

The minimum pressure during heart relaxation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pulse Pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypertension

High blood pressure (greater than 140/90 mmHg).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypotension

Low blood pressure (less than 90/60 mmHg).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sphygmomanometer

A device used to measure blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fever of Unknown Origin (F.U.O.)

A fever that medical professionals haven't pinpointed the cause of after a typical investigation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pyrexia of Unknown Origin (P.U.O.)

Medical term synonymous to F.U.O.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal Body Temperature (Adults)

Body temperature ranging from 36.7°C–37.4°C.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Oral Temperature Measurement

A common and accurate method for measuring body temperature by placing a thermometer under the tongue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rectal Temperature Measurement

A precise method for measuring body temperature by placing a thermometer in the rectum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

The formula T(°F) = T(°C) × 1.8 + 32, converts temperatures expressed in Celsius to Fahrenheit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperpyrexia

A dangerously high body temperature, greater than 41°C, requiring immediate medical attention.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothermia

A dangerously low body temperature, with potentially life-threatening consequences

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bandaging Principles

Guidelines for applying bandages effectively, ensuring comfort, support, and proper circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Normal Functioning Position

Bandaging a body part in its natural position to avoid deformities, discomfort, and promote circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Even Pressure

Applying bandage turns with equal tension to avoid uneven pressure and ensure proper circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bony Prominences Padding

Protecting bony areas with padding to prevent pressure sores and discomfort.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exposed Extremities

Leaving fingers or toes exposed to check for circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bandaging Direction

Applying bandages towards the trunk to promote venous return and prevent circulation problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Roller Bandage

A continuous strip of material wound into a cylinder for immobilization and support.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circular Turns

Bandage turns overlapping completely, used for anchoring a bandage at the start and end.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cleaning

Removing dirt, dust, and pathogens from surfaces and objects using water, detergents, and mechanical aids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rinsing

Removing cleaning agents and residue from equipment or surfaces using distilled or deionized water to prevent stains and ensure thorough cleaning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drying

Preventing microbial proliferation by removing moisture from surfaces, ideally immediately after cleaning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Disinfection

Deactivating pathogenic microorganisms, but not destroying spores, using chemicals, heat, or ultraviolet light.

Signup and view all the flashcards

High-Level Disinfection

Eliminating most pathogenic microorganisms, excluding bacterial spores, for reusing semi-critical equipment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factors Affecting Disinfection

The effectiveness of disinfection is influenced by contact time, temperature, degree of soiling, disinfectant type and concentration, and the nature of the contamination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biofilm

A layer of bacteria trapped in a sticky substance on damp surfaces, protecting them from disinfectants and sterilization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antiseptics

Used for disinfecting living tissue like skin, but not inanimate objects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Protective Barrier

Any material worn to prevent contact with potentially harmful substances, like blood, fluids, or microorganisms

Signup and view all the flashcards

When to Wear Gloves?

Vinyl gloves can be worn by people with latex allergies, but ensure they provide adequate protection against all types of microorganisms

Signup and view all the flashcards

When to Wear a Mask?

Wear a mask when there is a risk of splashes or droplets of blood, body fluids, or secretions

Signup and view all the flashcards

Airborne Infection Protection

For infections like tuberculosis, wear a mask with a higher filtration capacity, like an N95 mask

Signup and view all the flashcards

When to Wear a Gown?

Wear a gown to protect your skin and clothing from splashes or droplets of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretions

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aseptic Intervention Room

All personnel entering a room with sterile equipment must wear shoe covers, a cap, gown, and mask

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contamination Prevention

Wearing appropriate clothing and accessories creates a barrier and prevents contact with blood or other body fluids

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sterile Equipment: Key Actions

Always wear appropriate attire (shoe covers, cap, gown, and mask) when entering a sterile zone to maintain asepsis

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are common IV fluids?

Normal saline (NS) and Lactated Ringer's (LR) are commonly used IV fluids in hospitals and clinics. Both are isotonic, meaning they have the same osmotic pressure as blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is osmotic pressure?

Osmotic pressure measures the balance of solutes (e.g., sodium, calcium, chloride) and solvents (e.g., water).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is Lactated Ringer's (LR) used for?

LR is used to replace fluids and electrolytes in patients who are dehydrated, have low blood volume, low blood pressure, or are undergoing surgery or IV medication.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is Saline used in Medical Imaging?

Saline is often used in the Medical Imaging Department to flush contrast media or keep veins open (KTVO).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are IV components?

IV components include the bag, drop counter, and tubing clip for flow regulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the types of IV drips?

Macrodrips (10–20 gtts/ml) and micro-drips (60 gtts/ml) are used to administer IV fluids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the materials needed for IV setup?

You will need a butterfly needle, over-the-needle catheter, tourniquet, antimicrobial swabs, clean gloves, IV infusion set, clear adhesive dressing or tape, saline solution, and infusion pump (if required).

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is an IV infusion set prepared?

Open the outer packaging, remove the protective covering, drip chamber, and insertion tip while keeping them sterile. Hang the solution, displace all air from the tubing to prevent air emboli, and recap the tip to maintain sterility.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Vital Signs

  • Vital signs are indicators of a patient's physiological status
  • Include: body temperature, pulse (heart rate), respirations, and blood pressure (TPR)
  • Essential for detecting changes in a patient's baseline health
  • Measured if a patient has an interventional/invasive procedure without a radiology nurse
  • Taken before and after medication in the imaging department
  • Taken if a patient is feeling unwell
  • Physician's order not always required for MIT to take vital signs
  • Changes in baseline vital signs can indicate a problem
  • MIT must ensure equipment (sphygmomanometer, stethoscope) is functional

Homeostasis

  • Stable or state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
  • Vital signs vary within certain limits of normal
  • Measured to detect baseline changes in body function
  • Indicates patient's response to treatment
  • Indicates life-threatening circumstances
  • Part of the assessment steps to obtain patient's baseline

Body Temperature (T°)

  • Physiologic balance between temperature produced in body tissues and heat loss
  • Regulated by the hypothalamus in the diencephalon of the brain
  • Humans are homeothermic (warm-blooded) and maintain stable temperature
  • Metabolic activity increases body temperature (usually lower in morning, higher after exercise/eating)
  • As body temperature increases, the body's need for oxygen increases

Normal Temperature Ranges

  • Adults: 36.7°C-37.4°C
  • Children (3 months to 3 years): 37.2°C-37.7°C

Hypothalamus Regulation

  • Anterior hypothalamus controls heat dissipation
  • Posterior hypothalamus controls heat conservation

Temperature Measurement Methods

  • Oral: convenient and accurate (under tongue), a few seconds for digital, 3-5 mins for mercury thermometer
  • Rectal: most accurate (core temp), 2-3mins (or seconds digitally), used for infants/children
  • Axillary: less accurate than oral or rectal. (armpit), 5-10 mins with glass reading, add 0.5 °C

Abnormal Temperatures

  • Hyperpyrexia: >41°C – medical emergency, organ damage
  • Hypothermia: <35°C – body feels cold, may be due to heat loss

Pulse (Heart Rate)

  • Pressure wave from a peripheral artery passing close to skin
  • Expansion of vessel during heart contractions
  • Effective measurement of heart rate
  • Sites: Radial (wrist), temporal, carotid, femoral, apical, popliteal, posterior tibial, brachial, axillary, dorsalis pedis

Normal Pulse Rates

  • Adults: 60-90 BPM
  • Children: 90-100 BPM
  • Infants: 120 BPM

Respiration (R)

  • Process that obtains oxygen (O2) and eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2)
  • Ratio of roughly 1 respiration/4 heartbeats in well persons
  • Increased respiratory rate with fever, anger, fear
  • Conditions like high intracranial pressure can cause shallow/irregular breathing.

Normal Respiration Rates

  • Adults: 15-20 breaths/min
  • Infants: 30-60 breaths/min

Blood Pressure (B.P.)

  • Force exerted by blood against arterial walls
  • Systolic: Peak pressure during contraction (maximum)
  • Diastolic: Minimum pressure during relaxation (minimum)
  • Pulse Pressure: Difference between systolic and diastolic
  • Blood Pressure Index: Measures arterial wall elasticity

Normal Blood Pressure Ranges (mmHg)

  • Adult Systolic: 90-120
  • Adult Diastolic: 60-80

Factors Affecting B.P.

  • Exercise/physical activity
  • Age
  • Shock (sepsis)
  • Hemorrhage
  • Time of day (lowest in morning)
  • Anxiety/stress
  • After a meal

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

  • Measures hemoglobin saturation (SaO2)
  • Normal Range: 95-100%
  • <85% indicates insufficient O2 to tissues

Neurovital Signs

  • Assess major arteries, bilateral blood pressure, and breathing.

Wound/Injury Classifications

  • Laceration: deep skin/soft tissue wound
  • Abrasion: superficial wearing away of skin
  • Contusion (Bruise): injured capillary vessels
  • Avulsion: fragment of bone detached
  • Edema: abnormal swelling of soft tissues, may result from inflammation/infection/injury

Bandages and Splints

  • Method for providing support, security for wounds/injury
  • Provide compression, immobilization, correct deformities

Sterile Field Management

  • Contamination-free environment for instruments and materials
  • Specific guidelines for sterile areas.
  • Three zones for OR (unrestricted, semi-restricted, restricted)

Hand Hygiene

  • Crucial measure for preventing nosocomial infections.
  • Wash hands often (before/after patient contact, invasive procedures, contact with soiled items)
  • Avoid contact with blood/body fluids

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

  • Includes gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection
  • Protects healthcare personnel and patients from contamination

Sterilization/Disinfection

  • Cleaning and specific techniques for disinfecting/sterilizing various medical equipment.
  • Including various methods (boiling, chemical, autoclaving, gas sterilization).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Patient Care Test 3 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on vital signs and their importance in patient care. This quiz covers key concepts including body temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. Understand how these indicators help assess a patient's physiological status and detect changes in health.

More Like This

Health Sciences Chapter 19: Vital Signs
94 questions

Health Sciences Chapter 19: Vital Signs

BeneficialThermodynamics avatar
BeneficialThermodynamics
Module 2: Patient Assessment & Vital Signs
261 questions

Module 2: Patient Assessment & Vital Signs

InvinciblePedalSteelGuitar avatar
InvinciblePedalSteelGuitar
Vital Signs Measurement and Influences
3 questions

Vital Signs Measurement and Influences

AwedFermat avatar
AwedFermat
Chapter 10 - Vital Signs
18 questions

Chapter 10 - Vital Signs

SmartestProse6795 avatar
SmartestProse6795
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser