Vital Signs Assessment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the normal temperature range for adults in Celsius?

35.5°C–36.5°C

37.2°C–38.0°C

36.7°C–37.4°C (correct)

36.0°C–37.0°C

Which temperature measurement method is considered the most accurate for infants and children?

Oral temperature

Tympanic temperature

Axillary temperature

Rectal temperature (correct)

What happens to the body’s need for oxygen as body temperature increases?

It remains unchanged

It increases (correct)

It fluctuates randomly

It decreases significantly

Which of the following is the correct formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

T(°F) = T(°C) × 1.8 + 32 Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a body temperature greater than 41°C?

Hyperpyrexia Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal axillary temperature range in Celsius?

36.4°C–36.7°C Signup and view all the answers

Hypothermia is indicated by a decrease in body temperature to less than what value?

33.0°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of leaving a small portion of a bandaged extremity exposed?

To assess the extremity for proper circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the hypothalamus is responsible for controlling heat dissipation?

Anterior hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bandage is primarily used for supporting and immobilizing an injured shoulder or arm?

Triangular Bandage (Sling) Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of a well-applied bandage is not mentioned as important for the patient’s emotional security?

Colored Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to prevent undue and uneven pressure on tissues during bandaging?

Uneven overlapping of bandage turns Signup and view all the answers

In which direction should an extremity be bandaged to promote venous return?

Towards the trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for applying pressure while bandaging?

Apply sufficient and even pressure Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Gradual increase in depth followed by a complete stop Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with bony prominences when applying a bandage?

Pad them appropriately Signup and view all the answers

Which turn method involves overlapping the previous bandage turn by half or two-thirds?

Spiral Turns Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Brain damage Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes systolic blood pressure?

Maximum pressure during heart contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about diastolic blood pressure is true?

It reflects minimum pressure when the heart is relaxed. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure when the arterial walls thicken due to disease?

Blood pressure increases due to reduced flow space Signup and view all the answers

What defines hypertension in adults?

Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

How is blood pressure typically measured?

With a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood pressure when blood volume decreases?

Blood pressure decreases Signup and view all the answers

What type of gloves is recommended for individuals with latex allergies?

Vinyl gloves Signup and view all the answers

When is the systematic wearing of gowns recommended?

Only when specific measures indicate it Signup and view all the answers

What personal protective equipment is essential when there is a risk of splashes or projections of bodily fluids?

Mask, goggles, and face shield Signup and view all the answers

In cases of airborne infections like tuberculosis, what is recommended for respiratory protection?

N95 masks Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for wearing non-sterile clothing or accessories during medical procedures?

To provide a protective barrier against contamination Signup and view all the answers

What can cause contamination in an intervention room?

Projection of saliva or falling hair Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory is specifically mentioned as helping to maximize asepsis in an operating room?

Shoe covers Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to check with the manufacturer regarding vinyl gloves?

To verify they provide an adequate barrier to microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of drying surfaces after cleaning?

To prevent microbial proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a method used for disinfection?

Boiling water Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not affect the level of disinfection?

Level of humidity Signup and view all the answers

Why is distilled or deionized water sometimes required for rinsing?

It prevents mineral deposits from forming Signup and view all the answers

What should be done immediately after cleaning surfaces that have been contaminated with blood?

Sanitize with a low-level disinfectant Signup and view all the answers

High-level disinfection is primarily necessary for which type of equipment?

Semi-critical equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is a biofilm?

A layer of bacteria trapped in an extracellular substance Signup and view all the answers

When should soaking solutions be changed?

When their expiration date is reached Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component needed to prevent fluid overload when using Lactated Ringer's?

It is isotonic with a different composition than normal saline Signup and view all the answers

Which IV fluid is commonly used for flushing contrast media in medical imaging?

Normal saline Signup and view all the answers

What type of drip is characterized by delivering 60 gtts/ml?

Micro-drip Signup and view all the answers

Which item is NOT typically required for IV setup?

Scalpel Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to displace all air from the IV tubing?

To prevent air emboli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Lactated Ringer's in IV therapy?

To replace fluids and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

When preparing for IV setup, why is it important to use clean gloves?

To prevent contamination of the IV fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antimicrobial swabs in IV setup?

To sterilize the insertion site Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Vital Signs

Vital signs are indicators of a patient's physiological status
Include: body temperature, pulse (heart rate), respirations, and blood pressure (TPR)
Essential for detecting changes in a patient's baseline health
Measured if a patient has an interventional/invasive procedure without a radiology nurse
Taken before and after medication in the imaging department
Taken if a patient is feeling unwell
Physician's order not always required for MIT to take vital signs
Changes in baseline vital signs can indicate a problem
MIT must ensure equipment (sphygmomanometer, stethoscope) is functional

Homeostasis

Stable or state of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body
Vital signs vary within certain limits of normal
Measured to detect baseline changes in body function
Indicates patient's response to treatment
Indicates life-threatening circumstances
Part of the assessment steps to obtain patient's baseline

Body Temperature (T°)

Physiologic balance between temperature produced in body tissues and heat loss
Regulated by the hypothalamus in the diencephalon of the brain
Humans are homeothermic (warm-blooded) and maintain stable temperature
Metabolic activity increases body temperature (usually lower in morning, higher after exercise/eating)
As body temperature increases, the body's need for oxygen increases

Normal Temperature Ranges

Adults: 36.7°C-37.4°C
Children (3 months to 3 years): 37.2°C-37.7°C

Hypothalamus Regulation

Anterior hypothalamus controls heat dissipation
Posterior hypothalamus controls heat conservation

Temperature Measurement Methods

Oral: convenient and accurate (under tongue), a few seconds for digital, 3-5 mins for mercury thermometer
Rectal: most accurate (core temp), 2-3mins (or seconds digitally), used for infants/children
Axillary: less accurate than oral or rectal. (armpit), 5-10 mins with glass reading, add 0.5 °C

Abnormal Temperatures

Hyperpyrexia: >41°C – medical emergency, organ damage
Hypothermia: <35°C – body feels cold, may be due to heat loss

Pulse (Heart Rate)

Pressure wave from a peripheral artery passing close to skin
Expansion of vessel during heart contractions
Effective measurement of heart rate
Sites: Radial (wrist), temporal, carotid, femoral, apical, popliteal, posterior tibial, brachial, axillary, dorsalis pedis

Normal Pulse Rates

Adults: 60-90 BPM
Children: 90-100 BPM
Infants: 120 BPM

Respiration (R)

Process that obtains oxygen (O2) and eliminates carbon dioxide (CO2)
Ratio of roughly 1 respiration/4 heartbeats in well persons
Increased respiratory rate with fever, anger, fear
Conditions like high intracranial pressure can cause shallow/irregular breathing.

Normal Respiration Rates

Adults: 15-20 breaths/min
Infants: 30-60 breaths/min

Blood Pressure (B.P.)

Force exerted by blood against arterial walls
Systolic: Peak pressure during contraction (maximum)
Diastolic: Minimum pressure during relaxation (minimum)
Pulse Pressure: Difference between systolic and diastolic
Blood Pressure Index: Measures arterial wall elasticity

Normal Blood Pressure Ranges (mmHg)

Adult Systolic: 90-120
Adult Diastolic: 60-80

Factors Affecting B.P.

Exercise/physical activity
Age
Shock (sepsis)
Hemorrhage
Time of day (lowest in morning)
Anxiety/stress
After a meal

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Measures hemoglobin saturation (SaO2)
Normal Range: 95-100%
<85% indicates insufficient O2 to tissues

Neurovital Signs

Assess major arteries, bilateral blood pressure, and breathing.

Wound/Injury Classifications

Laceration: deep skin/soft tissue wound
Abrasion: superficial wearing away of skin
Contusion (Bruise): injured capillary vessels
Avulsion: fragment of bone detached
Edema: abnormal swelling of soft tissues, may result from inflammation/infection/injury

Bandages and Splints

Method for providing support, security for wounds/injury
Provide compression, immobilization, correct deformities

Sterile Field Management

Contamination-free environment for instruments and materials
Specific guidelines for sterile areas.
Three zones for OR (unrestricted, semi-restricted, restricted)

Hand Hygiene

Crucial measure for preventing nosocomial infections.
Wash hands often (before/after patient contact, invasive procedures, contact with soiled items)
Avoid contact with blood/body fluids

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Includes gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection
Protects healthcare personnel and patients from contamination

Sterilization/Disinfection

Cleaning and specific techniques for disinfecting/sterilizing various medical equipment.
Including various methods (boiling, chemical, autoclaving, gas sterilization).

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Description

Test your knowledge on vital signs and their importance in patient care. This quiz covers key concepts including body temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. Understand how these indicators help assess a patient's physiological status and detect changes in health.