Vital Signs Assessment

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What is the first step to provide CPR to an unresponsive casualty?

Turn the casualty face up

Control severe bleeding

Maintain an open airway with a head-tilt chin-lift (correct)

Evaluate the situation and decide whether to do a secondary survey

When should you consider doing a secondary survey on a casualty?

After giving first aid for shock

If medical help will arrive in 15 minutes

If the casualty has only one injury

If the casualty has more than one injury (correct)

What is the correct position to place a casualty in when giving first aid when a head or spinal injury is suspected?

Support the head and neck (correct)

Extend both legs straight

Cross the arms over the chest

Bend the knees

What is the primary reason for turning a casualty face up?

To assess for life-threatening injuries Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if medical help is not coming to the scene and you have to transport the casualty?

Give ongoing casualty care until help arrives Signup and view all the answers

How should you position the arms and legs of a casualty when turning them over?

Cross the arms and extend one leg straight Signup and view all the answers

What does the letter 'A' stand for in the AVPU scale?

Alert Signup and view all the answers

How does a casualty classified as 'Pain' respond according to the AVPU scale?

They will only respond to painful stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a casualty is classified as 'Unresponsive' in the AVPU scale?

Seek immediate medical assistance Signup and view all the answers

How long should you observe a casualty to assess their breathing rate?

30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you find a casualty unable to effectively communicate when classified as 'Verbal' in the AVPU scale?

Provide comfort without trying to elicit information Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean if a casualty can clearly speak, have their eyes open, and obey simple commands according to the text?

They are alert Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a conscious casualty experiencing chest pain or difficulty breathing?

Sitting in a semi-sitting position Signup and view all the answers

In the case of a suspected head or spinal injury, how should the casualty be positioned?

Support them in the position found Signup and view all the answers

What is the common cause of fainting due to a temporary loss of consciousness?

Fear or anxiety Signup and view all the answers

How long should a casualty be kept lying down after regaining consciousness following a fainting episode?

10-15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which action should you take to help prevent choking in a person who has fainted?

Put them in the recovery position Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial step to take if a conscious casualty is experiencing difficulty breathing?

Make them sit in a position that eases breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in determining the priority of casualties?

Begin with the nearest casualty Signup and view all the answers

When are casualties categorized into three levels of priority?

After the primary survey is completed Signup and view all the answers

In what situation are the principles of multiple casualty management reversed?

In the presence of a lightning strike incident Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a casualty is obviously dead?

Ignore the casualty and move to the next nearest one Signup and view all the answers

What does 'ESM' stand for in the context of managing casualties?

Emergency Scene Management Signup and view all the answers

Why are unresponsive non-breathing casualties given first aid priority in a lightning strike incident?

The breathing casualties are recovering Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step to be taken when suspecting a head or spinal injury?

Steady and support the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of keeping elbows firmly supported on thighs or ground when assisting a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

To prevent movement of the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

If a second bystander is available while assisting a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury, what should be shown to them?

How to steady and support the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach when moving a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

Lift the whole body at the same time if possible Signup and view all the answers

Why should you give first aid in the position where you find the casualty when a head or spinal injury is suspected?

To prevent potential harm from movement Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if you suspect a head or spinal injury in a casualty and there are no bystanders available to assist?

Have someone else call for medical help while you steady the head and neck Signup and view all the answers

What does an 'alert' casualty in the AVPU scale indicate?

Casualty who is oriented to person, place, and time Signup and view all the answers

How should the breathing rate of a casualty be assessed?

By feeling the rise and fall of their upper abdomen for 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'verbal' casualty in the AVPU scale imply?

Casualty who only responds when spoken to but may not communicate effectively Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'pain' casualty in the AVPU scale signify?

Casualty who responds to painful stimuli but does not communicate Signup and view all the answers

In evaluating a casualty's LOC, what alternative method can be used apart from the AVPU scale?

Evaluating eye, verbal, and motor skills Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a casualty being 'unresponsive' according to the AVPU scale?

The casualty does not respond to any stimulus Signup and view all the answers

During a rapid body survey, why should you wear gloves and check them for blood every few seconds?

To prevent the spread of infection Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to be cautious not to cause further injuries while performing the rapid body survey?

To avoid worsening the casualty's condition Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of looking at the casualty's face during the rapid body survey?

To notice any responses to the survey Signup and view all the answers

Why is providing first aid for life-threatening injuries or conditions emphasized during the rapid body survey?

To ensure immediate treatment for severe injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for conducting a rapid body survey during the primary survey?

To detect internal bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action to take if a casualty is unconscious and not breathing?

Ensure the airway is clear and move on to check for breathing Signup and view all the answers

When giving first aid to a conscious casualty with suspected head or spinal injury, what should you NOT do?

Perform a head-tilt-chin-lift maneuver Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken if a conscious casualty is unable to effectively communicate?

Offer assistance and get consent to provide help Signup and view all the answers

Why should a first aider dial emergency services when identifying a serious problem?

To send or go for medical help as soon as possible Signup and view all the answers

If you suspect a head or spinal injury in a casualty who is unconscious, what should you do after ensuring the airway is clear?

Check for circulation immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical factor to consider when beginning the primary survey on a casualty?

Checking for responsiveness before proceeding Signup and view all the answers

In the three-bearer method of carrying a casualty on a stretcher, how is the weight shared?

The first aider and one bearer share the weight on each side of the casualty Signup and view all the answers

What step should the first aider take after deciding on the carrying method for a stretcher?

Give clear instructions to the bearers Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to carry a stretcher, what should the bearers do in terms of positioning?

Crouch by the carrying handles facing in the direction of travel Signup and view all the answers

What role does the first aider play in carrying a stretcher once the casualty is secured?

Position themselves to supervise and direct bearers Signup and view all the answers

In multiple bearer situations, how should bearers be positioned around a stretcher?

At each corner or end, facing in the direction of travel Signup and view all the answers

What instruction does bearer 1 give when lowering a casualty onto a stretcher in a four-bearer method?

"Get ready to lower" and then "lower" Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of commands to be given when carrying a stretcher with a casualty?

Get ready to lift, Go forward, Stop, Get ready to lower, Lower Signup and view all the answers

When should a head-first carry be considered for a stretcher casualty?

When descending stairs with leg injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of keeping a stretcher level when crossing uneven ground?

To prevent further injury to the casualty Signup and view all the answers

Why should you lift the stretcher onto a wall with the front handles just over it?

To clear the wall completely Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario is it safer to do a head-first carry when transferring a casualty?

When there are no injuries to the legs Signup and view all the answers

How should bearers adjust the height of the stretcher when crossing uneven terrain?

By keeping it level and adjusting for dips and rises Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps to be followed in conducting a scene survey?

Assess hazards, identify casualties, offer to help, call for help, assess responsiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the ABCs in the primary survey?

Airway, Circulation, Breathing Signup and view all the answers

What should a first aider do if a conscious casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury is unable to communicate effectively?

Ask the casualty 'what happened?' Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for a first aider to put a mobile phone on speaker when dialing emergency services?

To allow the first aider to remain with the casualty Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken by a first aider after completing the scene survey?

Begin the primary survey immediately Signup and view all the answers

What technique should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

Jaw-thrust without head-tilt Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the secondary survey in emergency scene management?

To gather information to form a complete picture of the casualty's overall condition Signup and view all the answers

During the initial scene survey, what is the main objective?

Find out what happened and make sure the area is safe Signup and view all the answers

In emergency scene management, what is the recommended sequence of actions to ensure safe and appropriate first aid?

Scene survey, primary survey, secondary survey, ongoing casualty care Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens within one or two minutes at the start of emergency scene management?

The initial scene survey, primary survey, and start of life-saving first aid Signup and view all the answers

Why is ongoing casualty care important in emergency scene management?

To continue monitoring the casualty's condition until medical help takes over Signup and view all the answers

Which step in emergency scene management involves taking control of the scene and ensuring its safety before assessing the casualty?

Scene survey Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of commands to be given to bearers when lifting a stretcher?

Get ready to lift, Go forward, Stop, Get ready to lower, Lower Signup and view all the answers

When should a head-first carry be considered for a stretcher casualty?

If the casualty has leg injuries during a long downhill carry Signup and view all the answers

Why should a wall not be crossed when carrying a stretcher, if possible?

It poses a safety risk for both the bearers and the casualty Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is it safer to perform a head-first carry when transferring a casualty?

When there are no injuries to the legs and the patient is being moved uphill Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct position to place a conscious casualty in when experiencing chest pain or difficulty breathing?

Sitting in a semi-sitting position Signup and view all the answers

What should the bearers do when crossing uneven ground with a stretcher?

Keep the stretcher as level as possible by adjusting its height Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to keep a casualty in the position found, especially in cases of suspected head or spinal injury?

To protect the casualty's head and spine from further injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering a head-first carry when crossing obstacles with a stretcher?

To maintain better stability and balance on uneven terrain Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to protect the airway of a person who has fainted?

Place them in the recovery position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of fainting?

Excessive hydration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of placing a casualty in the recovery position after they have fainted?

Maintain a clear airway to prevent choking Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a conscious casualty with difficulty breathing, what action should be taken to ensure their comfort?

Place them in any comfortable position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for evaluating the details of a stressful emergency event?

To evaluate one's own actions during the event Signup and view all the answers

When should thoughts of an incident after providing first aid raise concerns about potential critical incident stress (CIS)?

If they occur for many weeks after the incident Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reaction to a stressful emergency situation according to the text?

Evaluation and review of one's actions during the event Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of critical incident stress (CIS) according to the text?

It may interfere with daily life and peace of mind Signup and view all the answers

What should a first aider expect if thoughts about an incident continue for many weeks?

The potential experience of critical incident stress (CIS) Signup and view all the answers

What is one common reaction following a stressful emergency situation according to the text?

Reviewing details to understand what was done and how it could be improved Signup and view all the answers

Vital Signs Assessment

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Questions and Answers

What is the first step to provide CPR to an unresponsive casualty?

When should you consider doing a secondary survey on a casualty?

What is the correct position to place a casualty in when giving first aid when a head or spinal injury is suspected?

What is the primary reason for turning a casualty face up?

What should be done if medical help is not coming to the scene and you have to transport the casualty?

How should you position the arms and legs of a casualty when turning them over?

What does the letter 'A' stand for in the AVPU scale?

How does a casualty classified as 'Pain' respond according to the AVPU scale?

What action should be taken if a casualty is classified as 'Unresponsive' in the AVPU scale?

How long should you observe a casualty to assess their breathing rate?

What should you do if you find a casualty unable to effectively communicate when classified as 'Verbal' in the AVPU scale?

What does it mean if a casualty can clearly speak, have their eyes open, and obey simple commands according to the text?

What is the recommended position for a conscious casualty experiencing chest pain or difficulty breathing?

In the case of a suspected head or spinal injury, how should the casualty be positioned?

What is the common cause of fainting due to a temporary loss of consciousness?

How long should a casualty be kept lying down after regaining consciousness following a fainting episode?

Which action should you take to help prevent choking in a person who has fainted?

What is the crucial step to take if a conscious casualty is experiencing difficulty breathing?

What is the first step in determining the priority of casualties?

When are casualties categorized into three levels of priority?

In what situation are the principles of multiple casualty management reversed?

What should be done if a casualty is obviously dead?

What does 'ESM' stand for in the context of managing casualties?

Why are unresponsive non-breathing casualties given first aid priority in a lightning strike incident?

What is the first step to be taken when suspecting a head or spinal injury?

What is the purpose of keeping elbows firmly supported on thighs or ground when assisting a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

If a second bystander is available while assisting a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury, what should be shown to them?

What is the recommended approach when moving a casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

Why should you give first aid in the position where you find the casualty when a head or spinal injury is suspected?

What should be done if you suspect a head or spinal injury in a casualty and there are no bystanders available to assist?

What does an 'alert' casualty in the AVPU scale indicate?

How should the breathing rate of a casualty be assessed?

What does a 'verbal' casualty in the AVPU scale imply?

What does a 'pain' casualty in the AVPU scale signify?

In evaluating a casualty's LOC, what alternative method can be used apart from the AVPU scale?

What is the significance of a casualty being 'unresponsive' according to the AVPU scale?

During a rapid body survey, why should you wear gloves and check them for blood every few seconds?

Why is it important to be cautious not to cause further injuries while performing the rapid body survey?

What is the main purpose of looking at the casualty's face during the rapid body survey?

Why is providing first aid for life-threatening injuries or conditions emphasized during the rapid body survey?

What is the primary reason for conducting a rapid body survey during the primary survey?

What is the appropriate action to take if a casualty is unconscious and not breathing?

When giving first aid to a conscious casualty with suspected head or spinal injury, what should you NOT do?

Which action should be taken if a conscious casualty is unable to effectively communicate?

Why should a first aider dial emergency services when identifying a serious problem?

If you suspect a head or spinal injury in a casualty who is unconscious, what should you do after ensuring the airway is clear?

What is the critical factor to consider when beginning the primary survey on a casualty?

In the three-bearer method of carrying a casualty on a stretcher, how is the weight shared?

What step should the first aider take after deciding on the carrying method for a stretcher?

When preparing to carry a stretcher, what should the bearers do in terms of positioning?

What role does the first aider play in carrying a stretcher once the casualty is secured?

In multiple bearer situations, how should bearers be positioned around a stretcher?

What instruction does bearer 1 give when lowering a casualty onto a stretcher in a four-bearer method?

What is the correct sequence of commands to be given when carrying a stretcher with a casualty?

When should a head-first carry be considered for a stretcher casualty?

What is the purpose of keeping a stretcher level when crossing uneven ground?

Why should you lift the stretcher onto a wall with the front handles just over it?

In which scenario is it safer to do a head-first carry when transferring a casualty?

How should bearers adjust the height of the stretcher when crossing uneven terrain?

What is the correct sequence of steps to be followed in conducting a scene survey?

What is the correct order of the ABCs in the primary survey?

What should a first aider do if a conscious casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury is unable to communicate effectively?

Why is it important for a first aider to put a mobile phone on speaker when dialing emergency services?

What action should be taken by a first aider after completing the scene survey?

What technique should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive casualty with a suspected head or spinal injury?

What is the purpose of the secondary survey in emergency scene management?

During the initial scene survey, what is the main objective?

In emergency scene management, what is the recommended sequence of actions to ensure safe and appropriate first aid?

What typically happens within one or two minutes at the start of emergency scene management?

Why is ongoing casualty care important in emergency scene management?

Which step in emergency scene management involves taking control of the scene and ensuring its safety before assessing the casualty?

What is the correct sequence of commands to be given to bearers when lifting a stretcher?

When should a head-first carry be considered for a stretcher casualty?

Why should a wall not be crossed when carrying a stretcher, if possible?

In what scenario is it safer to perform a head-first carry when transferring a casualty?

What is the correct position to place a conscious casualty in when experiencing chest pain or difficulty breathing?