Visual Signal Processing in the Retina
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of opsins in photoreception?

  • They help in closing sodium channels
  • They contain photopigments called retinals (correct)
  • They transmit action potentials to the brain
  • They influence ganglion cells

    • What is the function of rhodopsin in the retina?

  • Sense black and white (correct)
  • Produce graded potentials
  • Close sodium channels
  • Trigger G-Protein signaling cascade

    • How do rod and cone cells respond to light?

  • They do not respond to light
  • They stay depolarized with light stimulation
  • They depolarize and hyperpolarize equally
  • They become hyperpolarized with light stimulation (correct)

    • What is the main type of response from ganglion cells in the retina?

    <p>Action potentials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the retina produce graded potentials?

    <p>Photoreceptor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers a G-Protein signaling cascade in photoreceptor cells?

    <p>Light-induced conformational change of retinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells synapse with rod or cone cells and relay responses to ganglion cells?

    <p>Bipolar cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells help define boundaries between images and increase the sensitivity of the eye to moving images?

    <p>Horizontal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for rods and cones being hyperpolarized in light?

    <p>Amplification by enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule can activate many phosphodiesterase (PDE) molecules, leading to closure of Na+ channels on rod or cone cell membranes?

    <p>Transducin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do we see in color, according to the text?

    <p>Absorption of light in a specific range of wavelengths by photopsins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells modify electrical signals as they pass from photoreceptors to ganglion cells?

    <p>Amacrine cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sensory receptor is directly involved in photoreception?

    <p>Metabotropic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of opsins in photoreception?

    <p>Acting as light-sensitive proteins that trigger a signaling cascade in response to light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the retina are responsible for transmitting visual information to the brain?

    <p>Ganglion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the retina in photoreception?

    <p>Transducing light waves into electrical signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of light wave is most efficiently absorbed by the opsins in the human retina?

    <p>Visible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ganglion cells in the retina?

    <p>Transmitting visual information to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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