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Questions and Answers
What triggers a business event?
Which event is characterized by receiving a control signal from an external device?
What type of event is triggered by the passage of time or specific clock conditions?
Which item is NOT typically associated with an event-response table?
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Which class of system events involves actions that respond to specific user inputs?
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What is the primary purpose of visual requirements models?
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How do visual requirements models differ in purpose during analysis versus design?
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What does a data flow diagram (DFD) primarily illustrate?
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Which of the following aspects do visual requirements models NOT help with?
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What does functional decomposition in data flow modeling mean?
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Which diagram represents how to implement the system during design?
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What essential elements can be modeled in a DFD?
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Which of the following is NOT a tool used for visual requirements modeling?
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What is the primary purpose of swimlanes in a diagram?
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Which of the following elements is NOT part of a state-transition diagram (STD)?
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In a state-transition diagram, what does an arrow represent?
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Which statement best describes the importance of clearly defining criteria for state changes?
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What can make understanding a system's behavior difficult when dealing with state-driven behavior?
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When modeling a real-time system, what is a key characteristic of the states it can occupy?
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Which of the following best describes the visual representation of possible system states in an STD?
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What is indicated by the text labels on transition arrows in a state-transition diagram?
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What does a dialog map primarily show?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of trigger condition in a dialog map?
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What is the primary purpose of decision tables in system design?
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How does a user interface flow differ from a dialog map?
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Which condition could trigger user interface navigation based on the provided content?
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What is the role of a navigation map in comparison to a dialog map?
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Which option does not represent a valid user action for triggering navigation?
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What component is essential for understanding complex logic and decisions in a system?
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What does it mean when a request is in the 'Postponed' state?
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Which of the following describes a 'Fulfilled' request?
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What is indicated by a 'Back-ordered' status?
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What happens in the 'Accepted' state of a request?
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What does a 'Canceled' status signify?
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In what scenario would a request be marked as 'Placed'?
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How does a dialog map help in a user interface design?
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What does the user interface reflect in terms of requests?
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Study Notes
Visual Requirements Models
- Visual requirements models are useful for identifying missing, extraneous, and inconsistent requirements.
- They also help elaborate and explore requirements and for designing software solutions.
- These models are used for both analysis and design depending on the timing and intent of the modeling.
- Visual requirements models can be used to represent the problem domain or create conceptual representations of a new system.
- To depict the logical aspects of the problem domain’s data components, transformations, and objects.
- They can also be used for design, representing how to implement the system, including databases, object classes, and modules.
- Clearly identify each model you draw as either an analysis model or a design model.
- Data Flow Diagrams, State-Transition Diagrams, Dialog Maps, Decision Tables and Decision Trees, and Event-Response Tables are used to visually represent requirements models.
Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs)
- The data flow diagram is used to identify the transformational processes of a system.
- It also identifies data or physical material stores, and data or material flow between processes, stores, and the outside world.
- Data flow modeling takes a functional decomposition approach to systems analysis.
- It breaks complex problems into progressive levels of detail, which works well for transaction-processing systems and function-intensive applications.
- DFDs have been expanded with control flow elements to model real-time systems.
Swimlane Diagrams
- Swimlanes subdivide processes by role, department or system.
- Horizontal or vertical lines divide the diagram to visually show who or what is executing steps in a lane.
State-Transition Diagrams (STDs)
- The state-transition diagram visually represents the possible transitions between states of a system.
- It combines functional behavior, data manipulation, and state changes.
- Well-defined criteria must be satisfied to change states, such as receiving specific input stimulus.
- STDs are used to describe information systems with life cycles that include possible statuses, such as sales orders, invoices and inventory.
- Natural language is prone to overlooking or including disallowed states when describing complex state changes.
- Requirements in an SRS that pertain to state-driven behavior might be scattered throughout it.
Elements of State-Transition Diagrams
- Rectangles or circles represent possible system states.
- Arrows connect rectangles to represent allowed state changes or transitions.
- Text labels on arrows represent events or conditions that cause the state change, and can include the event and system response.
Dialog Maps
- The dialog map depicts user interface design at a high level of abstraction.
- It shows dialog elements and navigation links among them, but not detailed screen designs.
- A user interface is considered a series of state changes where only one dialog element is available at a time for user input.
- The user can navigate to other dialog elements based on their action at the active input location.
- A navigation map is a similar technique that uses richer notations to represent interaction elements and context transitions.
- A user interface flow shows navigation paths between user interface screens in a swimlane diagram format.
Trigger Conditions
- There are several types of trigger conditions that can be used with dialog maps:
- User actions, such as pressing keys, clicking hyperlinks and touch screen gestures.
- Data values, such as invalid user input that triggers error messages.
- System conditions, such as detecting that a printer is out of paper.
- Combinations of these, such as typing a menu option number and pressing Enter.
Decision Tables and Decision Trees
- Decision tables and decision trees represent complex logic and decisions.
- Decision tables list various values for factors that influence behavior and indicate expected system actions in response to each combination of factors.
- Factors are shown as statements with true and false conditions, questions with yes or no answers, or questions with multiple possible values.
Event-Response Tables
- Event-response tables represent the system's response to events.
- There are 3 classes of system events:
- Business events are actions taken by users, initiating a dialog with the software.
- Signal events are registered when the system receives control signals, data readings, or interrupts from external hardware or software systems.
- Temporal events are time-triggered, such as preset durations or specific clock times.
- Event-response tables can include data elements that are needed to process the event and the system state after responses are executed.
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Description
Test your knowledge on visual requirements models and their role in identifying and managing software requirements. This quiz covers various types of models including Data Flow Diagrams and State-Transition Diagrams, essential for both analysis and design phases. Explore how these tools can represent problem domains and facilitate software solutions.
