Visual Perception and Processing Quiz

The tendency for people to implant false memories, particularly when provided with misleading information after an event.

A study where participants who were asked if they saw 'broken glass' after an accident with a car were more likely to report seeing broken glass, even if there was none, if they were told the car 'smashed' into the object instead of 'hit' it.

The phenomenon of misleading information being incorporated into an existing memory, influencing what is ultimately remembered or recalled.

A type of memory that is vivid and detailed, often associated with significant life events, but can also be inaccurate or influenced by later information.

A theory that posits our decision-making is limited by our cognitive abilities and that we often rely on heuristics, or mental shortcuts, to make judgments.

A mental rule of thumb or shortcut that helps people make decisions quickly, often based on readily available information.

A heuristic where individuals assume that a single case or example is representative of the entire population or category.

A heuristic where individuals' judgments are influenced by the ease with which they can recall examples or instances of a particular event or phenomenon.

We remember things better when they are encoded with their context, such as the mood, environment, or state we were in when learning them.

Our mental state when learning something influences our ability to recall it later. If you are in the same mood or physical state when trying to remember something, recall is easier.

A mental representation of how a typical event or situation unfolds, like a script for a movie.

The process of combining multiple, individual memory traces to strengthen a memory.

Our ability to recall information is influenced by the strength of the connection between related concepts. A related cue can help activate the memory faster.

Remembering how and where we learned something. It involves the hippocampus, a part of the brain important for spatial memory.

Knowing that we have encountered a stimulus before, without specifically remembering the event.

The process of making inferences and filling in gaps in our memories based on prior knowledge, expectations, and experiences.

The ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others, influenced by factors like relevance, salience, and prior knowledge.

A task where participants listen to two different messages simultaneously, repeating one (attended) while ignoring the other (unattended).

A phenomenon where people can unconsciously pick up certain information from ignored stimuli, like the gender or pitch of the speaker, but miss semantic content.

A theory proposing that unattended stimuli are either filtered early before semantic processing or filtered later after some processing.

The idea that limited cognitive resources are allocated to processing information. Attending to complex stimuli leaves fewer resources for processing unattended stimuli.

A type of memory that holds information for short periods, typically around 20-30 seconds. It's limited in capacity and is crucial for working memory.

A type of memory that stores information for long periods, potentially indefinitely. It has a vast capacity and can be accessed for long-term retrieval.

The ability to perform multiple tasks concurrently. Different tasks may require different resources, and multi-tasking is easier when tasks are distinct.

A system for transmitting information through signals, but lacking the complexity and flexibility of human language.

The smallest unit of sound that carries meaning in a language.

The ability to create and communicate new thoughts and ideas, a key feature of human language.

A hierarchical model where concepts are organized from the broadest to the most specific, with properties stored at the highest level and inherited by lower levels.

The idea that properties are stored at the highest possible level in a hierarchy to avoid redundancy, saving cognitive effort.

An approach to understanding category membership that focuses on how new knowledge is linked to existing knowledge.

The belief that an object's essence remains unchanging, regardless of external appearances.

A type of language impairment where people can understand language but have difficulty forming grammatically correct sentences.

A type of problem with clear goals, well-defined steps and a single correct solution.

A type of problem where the goals are ambiguous, the solution paths are unclear and there may be multiple acceptable answers.

The sudden realization of a solution to a problem, often occurring after a period of incubation. It is not a premonition and the solution might not always be correct.

The tendency to only see the familiar or intended use of an object, hindering our ability to find creative solutions.

The inability to approach a problem with a fresh perspective, often sticking to the past methods even when they are not effective. It is about our pre-existing ideas and ingrained assumptions about how to solve a problem.

Involves stepping away from a problem for some time before returning to it fresh, often leading to a better solution.

A problem-solving method where we break down the problem into smaller, more manageable sub-goals to reduce the gap between our current state and our desired state.

Applying a solution from a previously solved problem to a new problem. This involves recognizing the core similarities between the two problems and transferring the solution.

A way of thinking that involves coming up with many possible solutions, especially when there is no obvious right answer.

The tendency for people to stick with familiar ways of doing things, even when there are better alternatives.

A measure of how easily a person is distracted by irrelevant stimuli.

The idea that people can be influenced by their surroundings even when they are not aware of it

Describes the tendency for people to make judgments about a person or thing based on how well it fits their preconceived idea of that category.

A theory that suggests that people categorize objects based on their similarity to a typical example of that category.

The different levels of a category, from very broad to very specific.