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Questions and Answers
According to Hebb’s postulate, what strengthens the synaptic connection between a presynaptic terminal and a postsynaptic neuron?
According to Hebb’s postulate, what strengthens the synaptic connection between a presynaptic terminal and a postsynaptic neuron?
- Uncorrelated activity
- Continued elaboration of synapses
- Post-natal growth of dendrites
- Coordinated electrical activity (correct)
What is the time when experience and neural activity have maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a particular behavior known as?
What is the time when experience and neural activity have maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a particular behavior known as?
- Construction phase
- Parental imprinting
- Elimination phase
- Critical period (correct)
What is the phenomenon where behaviors not initially present in newborns emerge and are shaped by experience throughout early life known as?
What is the phenomenon where behaviors not initially present in newborns emerge and are shaped by experience throughout early life known as?
- Post-natal growth
- Parental imprinting
- Experience-dependent plasticity (correct)
- Continued elaboration
What does visual deprivation affect in terms of ocular dominance?
What does visual deprivation affect in terms of ocular dominance?
What are the phenomena in brain development related to the initial absence of certain behaviors in newborns and their emergence and shaping by experience throughout early life?
What are the phenomena in brain development related to the initial absence of certain behaviors in newborns and their emergence and shaping by experience throughout early life?
What is the superior capacity for acquiring complex skills and cognitive abilities during early life known as?
What is the superior capacity for acquiring complex skills and cognitive abilities during early life known as?
During which phase does post-natal growth of dendrites, axons, and synapses occur?
During which phase does post-natal growth of dendrites, axons, and synapses occur?
What is the time when experience and the neural activity have maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a particular behavior known as in the context of hatchling birds?
What is the time when experience and the neural activity have maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a particular behavior known as in the context of hatchling birds?
What is the term for the phenomenon where certain specific experiences during a sharply restricted time have a maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a behavior?
What is the term for the phenomenon where certain specific experiences during a sharply restricted time have a maximal effect on the acquisition or skilled execution of a behavior?
What does Hebb’s postulate state strengthens the synaptic connection between a presynaptic terminal and a postsynaptic neuron?
What does Hebb’s postulate state strengthens the synaptic connection between a presynaptic terminal and a postsynaptic neuron?
What did Hubel and Wiesel's experiments in the late 1950s focus on?
What did Hubel and Wiesel's experiments in the late 1950s focus on?
What prevents binocular convergence and alters activity patterns in the primary visual cortex?
What prevents binocular convergence and alters activity patterns in the primary visual cortex?
What results from cutting an extraocular muscle in one eye during the critical period?
What results from cutting an extraocular muscle in one eye during the critical period?
What is the significance of early language exposure according to the text?
What is the significance of early language exposure according to the text?
What does the text suggest about the effects of cataracts on visual acuity in children?
What does the text suggest about the effects of cataracts on visual acuity in children?
What alters visual cortex connectivity according to the text?
What alters visual cortex connectivity according to the text?
What is the parallel to critical periods in humans according to the text?
What is the parallel to critical periods in humans according to the text?
What has implications for neural circuitry in children and adults with ADHD?
What has implications for neural circuitry in children and adults with ADHD?
What does the difficulty or impossibility of reversing alterations in visual function relate to?
What does the difficulty or impossibility of reversing alterations in visual function relate to?
What is manipulated to alter correlations between the two eyes in postnatal cortical connections?
What is manipulated to alter correlations between the two eyes in postnatal cortical connections?
What establishes rudimentary patterns of connectivity in the visual pathway before eye opening?
What establishes rudimentary patterns of connectivity in the visual pathway before eye opening?
How are ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex formed?
How are ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex formed?
What is the consequence of visual deprivation in early life?
What is the consequence of visual deprivation in early life?
What is the result of visual deprivation in early life according to the text?
What is the result of visual deprivation in early life according to the text?
When does visual experience determine the wiring of the visual cortex with respect to eye dominance?
When does visual experience determine the wiring of the visual cortex with respect to eye dominance?
What can profoundly alter the ocular dominance profile during the critical period?
What can profoundly alter the ocular dominance profile during the critical period?
What do monkeys show at birth, reflecting functional segregation of inputs from the two eyes?
What do monkeys show at birth, reflecting functional segregation of inputs from the two eyes?
What happens to animals deprived of vision in one eye from birth?
What happens to animals deprived of vision in one eye from birth?
What does monocular deprivation alter in the visual cortex?
What does monocular deprivation alter in the visual cortex?
What can reactivate cortical synaptic plasticity and improve visual function in adult rats?
What can reactivate cortical synaptic plasticity and improve visual function in adult rats?
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Study Notes
Visual Development and Amblyopia
- Newborn predators need to be trained to distinguish sounds for appropriate things.
- Retinal waves before birth and eye opening establish rudimentary patterns of connectivity in the visual pathway.
- Ocular dominance columns in the primary visual cortex are formed through competitive interaction between the two eyes.
- Visual deprivation alters the distribution of ocular dominance in the visual cortex.
- Visual deprivation in early life leads to permanent amblyopia or "cortical blindness."
- Visual experience determines the wiring of the visual cortex with respect to eye dominance between the kitten's eyes opening and 1 year of age.
- Short periods of eye closure during the critical period can profoundly alter the ocular dominance profile.
- Monkeys show a pattern of ocular dominance columns at birth, reflecting functional segregation of inputs from the two eyes.
- Animals deprived of vision in one eye from birth develop abnormal patterns of ocular dominance stripes in the primary visual cortex.
- Monocular deprivation alters the arborizations of LGN axons in the visual cortex.
- Early diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia are crucial as abnormal ocular competition early in life leads to permanent visual impairment.
- Dark exposure and repeated training can reactivate cortical synaptic plasticity and improve visual function in adult rats.
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