Tutorial 2: Visual Processing Disorders

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Which are true about visual attention?

It is capacity limited (correct)
It is selective (correct)
Involves fronto-parietal networks (correct)
It neglects conscious perception

The ventral attention network is responsible for (A), whilst the dorsal attention network is responsible for (B).

A: bottom-up processing, B: top-down processing (correct)
A: top-down processing, B: bottom-up processing
A: selective attention, B: divided attention
A: visual memory, B: auditory memory

Damage to the V4 pathway causes?

Achromatopsia (correct)
Color blindness
Visual field deficits
Prosopagnosia

Damage to higher areas of visual processing can cause:

Object Recognition Deficits (A) Signup and view all the answers

The inability to process sensory information in a single modality is called?

Agnosia (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories of visual agnosia?

Apperceptive and associative (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines Apperceptive Visual Agnosia?

Difficulty assembling features together into common objects (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of visual processing does apperceptive visual agnosia face impairment in?

Shape Representation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the causes of Apperceptive visual agnosia? (Select all that apply)

Recovery from cortical blindness (A), Diffuse posterior damage (in parietal and/or occipital lobes) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Associative Visual Agnosia?

Ability to perceive a whole object but difficulty describing it (A) Signup and view all the answers

Is Apperceptive or Associative Visual Agnosia more common?

Associative is more common (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of visual processing does associative visual agnosia face impairment in?

Object Representation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Bilateral damage to the inferior temporal-occipital junction is associated with:

Associative Visual Agnosia (B) Signup and view all the answers

The inability to process visual input in a scene as a whole is known as:

Simultanagnosia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which subtypes of simultanagnosia correspond to these characteristics: A can recognize elements but not the whole scene, whilst B can see multiple objects but not grasp the meaning of the whole scene?

A: Dorsal, B: Ventral (A) Signup and view all the answers

Difficulty recognizing faces is known as:

Prosopagnosia (A) Signup and view all the answers

Acquired prosopagnosia develops from damage to:

Inferior medial temporo-occipital damage (Fusiform Face Area) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which is not a test used to assess Visual Processing and Agnosia?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is most commonly reported following a posterior parietal lesion of the right hemisphere?

Hemispatial neglect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical course of hemispatial neglect?

Often transient with most features lasting no more than a few weeks (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options are tests of hemispatial neglect? (Select all that apply)

Asking the patient to lift arms (A), Ask to draw a clock face (B), Ask to read a compound word (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Extinction to Double Simultaneous Stimulation'?

The inability to perceive two stimuli presented at the same time when one is attended. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are tests for hemispatial neglect?

Line bisection (A), Line cancellation (B), Copying (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is are 2 key differences between hemispatial neglect and visual field sensory loss?

HSN are unaware of deficits and do not compensate for them (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of an impairment in combining features to create a desired whole?

Constructional Apraxia (A) Signup and view all the answers

How might a cube drawing look for a patient with constructional apraxia?

Squares side by side (A) Signup and view all the answers

Hemispatial neglect is associated with damage to the:

Right posterior parietal lobe (A) Signup and view all the answers

Broca's area is located where?

Inferior frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is Wernicke's area located?

Superior posterior temporal gyrus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Non-fluent aphasia typically occurs due to which of the following reasons? (Select all that apply)

Results from anterior lesions (A), Is more likely to have motor impairments (B) Signup and view all the answers

Visual Attention

The ability to select and focus on specific aspects of the visual field, while ignoring others.

Capacity Limited

Visual attention has a limited capacity to process information, meaning it only attends to specific portions of information.