Viruses and Virology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Match the following viral components with their primary functions:

Glycoproteins = Bind to host cells for entry Nucleic acid = Contains the genetic information for viral replication Capsid = Protects the viral genome Enzymes = Carry out specific functions necessary for viral replication

Match the following viral mechanisms with their respective viral families:

Self-complementary sequences at the 5' end of the RNA genome = Poliovirus Self-complementary sequences within gene coding sequences = Retroviruses Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) = Poliovirus Pseudoknot formation = Retroviruses

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Stem-loop = A secondary structure in RNA formed by complementary base pairing within a single RNA molecule. Pseudoknot = A complex RNA structure formed by the interaction of two stem-loops. IRES = A sequence in RNA that allows ribosomes to bind and initiate translation without a 5' cap. Frame-shift = A change in the reading frame during translation, resulting in a different amino acid sequence.

Match the following authors with their respective virology textbooks:

Carter & Saunders = Virology: Principles & Applications Lostroh = Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses Howley, Knipe & Whelan = Fields Virology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following publishers with their respective virology textbooks:

Wiley Press = Virology: Principles & Applications CRC Press = Molecular and Cellular Biology of Viruses Wolters Kluwer = Fields Virology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following features with their corresponding viral families:

Ribosomes bind RNA despite lack of 5' cap = Poliovirus Ribosome slipping during translation = Retroviruses Translation initiation independent of a 5' cap = Poliovirus Extended gene coding capacity = Retroviruses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their respective host organisms.

Foot & mouth disease virus = Animals Lambda (l ) bacteriophage = Bacteria Cauliflower mosaic virus = Plants Human Immunodeficiency Virus = Humans Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their respective genome types.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus = RNA Lambda (l ) bacteriophage = DNA Turnip yellow mosaic virus = RNA Foot & mouth disease virus = RNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral characteristics with their corresponding classification categories.

Presence of an envelope = Structure of the virus capsid Gene expression strategy = Molecular composition of the genome Genome sequence similarity and phylogeny = Infection pathogenicity Host range = Virus classification and taxonomy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their primary mode of transmission.

Measles = Respiratory droplets SARS = Respiratory droplets Foot & mouth disease virus = Contact with infected animals Human Immunodeficiency Virus = Bodily fluids Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their respective disease symptoms.

Foot & mouth disease virus = Blisters on the mouth, hooves, and teats Cauliflower mosaic virus = Mosaic patterns on leaves Measles = Rash, fever, cough, and runny nose Human Immunodeficiency Virus = Weakened immune system, increased susceptibility to infections Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral genome properties with their relevant descriptions:

Composition = DNA or RNA, single or multiple 'chromosomes' Conformation = single or double stranded, circular or linear Gene coding strategy = on both or one strand, positive, negative, or ambi-sense Gene copy number = haploid, merodiploid, diploid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral genome features with their relevant examples:

Cellular histones = Papillomaviruses, Herpesviruses Viral proteins = Influenza polymerase and nucleoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Match the following replication strategies with their respective descriptions:

Rolling circle = A circular DNA molecule is replicated by nicking one strand and using the 3' end as a primer Strand displacement = A new strand is synthesized using the old one as a template, displacing the old strand Bidirectional (theta) = Replication proceeds in both directions from a single origin Unidirectional = Replication proceeds in one direction from a single origin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of viral gene expression with their descriptions:

Promoters = Regulatory sequences that control gene transcription Co-ordinated regulation = Several genes are regulated by shared promoters, common in small viral genomes Independent regulation = Most genes have their own promoters, common in larger viral genomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to viral gene coding strategy with their definitions:

Gene-sense, positive-sense = The nucleotide sequence of the coding region is the same as mRNA Anti-sense, negative-sense = The nucleotide sequence of the coding region is complementary to mRNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral genome features with their respective examples:

Origin of replication (ori) = Sequences that initiate DNA replication Promoters = Sequences that regulate gene expression Co-ordinated regulation = Papillomaviruses, Hepatitis B virus, Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Independent regulation = Herpesviruses, Poxviruses Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viruses with their respective genome characteristics:

Papillomaviruses = Circular dsDNA Herpesviruses = Linear dsDNA Influenza viruses = Segmented ssRNA HIV = Diploid ssRNA Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral proteins with their functions:

Influenza polymerase = Synthesizes viral RNA Nucleoproteins = Bind to viral RNA and protect it from degradation Adenovirus terminal protein = Acts as a primer for DNA replication Poliovirus VPg protein = Allows binding to ribosomes for translation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes