Virus Structure Overview

Viruses are primarily made of nucleic acids, proteins, and sometimes lipids.

The capsid protects the viral nucleic acid and aids in the virus's ability to infect host cells.

Viruses cannot reproduce on their own and require a host cell to replicate.

<p>Viruses can contain double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The outer lipid envelope helps the virus evade the host's immune system and facilitates entry into host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viral genomes show more variety in structure and composition, being much smaller and often segmented or circular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acellular means that viruses lack cellular structures and are not composed of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses do not transform energy; they rely completely on host cells for energy and replication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular microorganisms are living organisms capable of carrying out life processes, while acellular infectious particles, like viruses, are not living and cannot perform these processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No, viruses cannot be classified as living organisms because they cannot carry out all life processes independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two domains of prokaryotes are Archaea and Eubacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses can only be seen with an electron microscope due to their small size, generally around 1 μm (1000 nm) or smaller.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells belong to the domain Eukaryota.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viruses lack cellular structures and are unable to perform metabolic processes on their own.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electron microscope is required to view viruses due to their small size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Acellular infectious particles' refer to infectious agents, such as viruses, that do not have a cellular structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the viral nucleic acid and facilitate attachment to host cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsomeres are the protein subunits that make up the viral capsid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The viral envelope is primarily made of lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They play a significant role in host recognition and attachment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A naked virus lacks a viral envelope and consists only of the capsid and genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, some viruses have capsids composed of multiple types of capsomeres.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A helical virus has a capsid that forms a rod-like structure, coiling around its nucleic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It aids in evading the host's immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Viruses are acellular infectious particles that are too small to be seen with a light microscope and can only be seen with an electron microscope. They lack the ability to carry out all life processes, making them not considered living organisms.

Microorganisms can be divided into two main categories: cellular microorganisms and acellular infectious particles.

Cellular microorganisms include prokaryotes (Archaea and Eubacteria) and eukaryotes (Eukaryota).

Acellular infectious particles are not made up of cells and are incapable of carrying out all life processes on their own. Viruses are the most well-known example.

Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Viruses lack the ability to carry out all of the functions required for life, such as metabolism, reproduction, and response to stimuli. They depend on host cells for these processes.

Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an envelope.

Viruses are classified based on their genetic material (DNA or RNA), shape, and host range.

The genetic material of a virus is its genome. It can be DNA or RNA, single-stranded or double-stranded, linear or circular. Viral genomes are much smaller than those of cells.

Viruses cannot reproduce on their own. They need to infect a host cell to replicate. They use the host cell's machinery to make new viral components and assemble new viruses.

Viruses are not made of cells and cannot reproduce on their own. They also lack the machinery for protein synthesis, which is essential for cell function.

Viruses are composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), a protein coat called a capsid, and sometimes an outer envelope made of lipids and proteins.

Viruses are categorized based on their genetic material (DNA or RNA), their genome structure (linear, circular, segmented), and the type of host they infect.

A protein coat that protects the virus's genetic material and helps it attach to host cells.

The protein subunits that make up the viral capsid.

A membrane surrounding some viruses, acquired from the host cell during viral release.

The viral envelope primarily consists of phospholipids, proteins, and glycoproteins.

Proteins on the viral envelope that often help the virus recognize and bind to its host.

A virus without an envelope, relying solely on its capsid for protection.

A viral capsid shaped like a long, hollow cylinder, often found in viruses like Tobacco Mosaic Virus.

A viral capsid shaped like a many-sided geometric figure, often resembling an icosahedron.