Virus-Based Vaccines Quiz

What is the benefit of memory immune responses for an immunized individual?

How does herd immunity contribute to protecting newborns and infants?

Which of the following is NOT a goal achieved by national and international immunization programs mentioned in the text?

What additional measures, mentioned in the text, can be taken to prevent disease apart from immunization programs?

Which bacterial vaccine is recommended for children and adults to prevent tetanus?

Who should receive the Bordetella pertussis vaccine according to the information provided?

Which bacterial vaccine is specifically recommended for travelers to cholera epidemic areas?

What is the component of the Haemophilus influenzae B (Hib) vaccine?

Which bacterial vaccine is specifically for sheep handlers and laboratory personnel working with Coxiella burnetii?

What type of components elicit a protective immune response in a subunit vaccine?

What type of bacterial vaccines protect against the pathogenic action of toxins mainly?

What type of bacterial vaccines are currently available according to the information provided?

What is the primary method of preparing a rabies vaccine?

What are the main components of the Bordetella pertussis vaccine?

What is the main difference between passive and active immunization?

Which method is NOT used to produce inactivated vaccines?

What type of immune response does inactivated vaccine usually generate?

Which of the following is a common adjuvant used in vaccines?

Which route of administration is associated with live vaccines?

Why are inactivated vaccines generally considered safe?

'MF59' is a component used in which vaccine?

'Virus-like particles (VLPs)' belong to which category of adjuvants?

Which statement about live vaccines is true?

What is the main advantage of live vaccines over inactivated vaccines according to Table 11.2?

Which component is NOT typically used as an experimental adjuvant according to the text?

What characteristic makes aluminum hydroxide a common adjuvant?

How are subunit vaccines like the HBV and HPV vaccines different from individual proteins?

Which process is involved in enhancing the immunogenicity of polysaccharides?

What is the reason behind preparing live vaccines with microbes limited in their ability to cause disease?

What is the primary issue with live vaccines in relation to immunosuppressed individuals?

How are most inactivated annual influenza vaccines prepared?

Which protein carrier is mentioned in the text for enhancing the immunogenicity of polysaccharides?

What type of immune response do live vaccines help develop?

Why are subunit proteins used in some vaccines like HPV and HBV instead of individual proteins?

What is the function of alum in vaccine preparation mentioned in the text?

Why is it important to make polysaccharides into T-dependent antigens?

Which type of virus requires T-cell immune responses for resolution and is specifically mentioned in the text?

What is the primary method mentioned in the text to identify appropriate immunogens for vaccine development?

What is a key prerequisite for developing vaccines against infectious agents?

How can an effective vaccine program, as described in the text, be beneficial in terms of health care costs?

What was the primary method used to eliminate natural smallpox as of 1977?

Why do vaccine-preventable diseases still occur in some regions?

Which type of immunity is obtained when newborns receive maternal immunoglobulin through the placenta or breast milk?

What is the term for injecting purified antibody, antibody-containing serum, or immune cells to provide temporary protection?

Which type of immunization occurs when an immune response is stimulated through exposure to an infectious agent or vaccine?

What is the primary reason for using passive immunization after a known exposure?

Which type of immunity involves therapeutic antibodies blocking autoimmune responses?

'Monoclonal antibody preparations are being developed for what purpose?'

'Which type of vaccines elicit an immune response on infection?'

'What is the primary advantage of human immunoglobulin over animal immunoglobulin?'

'Why are newer approaches like DNA or RNA vaccines used for immunization?'

'Which diseases can be prevented using immune serum globulin preparations?'

What is the main purpose of a hybrid virus vaccine upon infection?

Which type of vaccine showed modest but promising results when followed by two booster immunizations with recombinant HIV gp120 protein?

What is the main difficulty faced in the development of genetically engineered subunit vaccines?

Which proteins have been generated in bacteria or eukaryotic cells for use as subunit vaccines?

How can the immunogenicity of peptide subunit vaccines be enhanced?

What can enhance the immunogenicity and direct the response of vaccines to a TH1-type or TH2-type response apart from alum?

How are DNA vaccines delivered into the recipient's body?

What is a characteristic feature of RNA vaccines?

Which type of vaccine offers great potential for tumor immunotherapy?

What does reverse vaccinology involve?

Which method is used to prepare autologous activated DCs loaded with tumor antigens for immunotherapy?

What is the benefit of including genes for immunoenhancing cytokines in RNA vaccines?

Which vaccine elicits potent cellular immune responses and immune memory necessary for protection from measles, mumps, and rubella viruses?

Why must the MMR vaccine be administered after 1 year of age?

Which virus is used as a vector for inserting genes from infectious agents to create hybrid virus vaccines?

Which vaccine induced more serious symptoms (atypical measles) when challenged with wild-type measles virus?

Which age group should receive the high dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine according to the text?

In which areas should children receive the live (oral) polio vaccine according to the text?

Which strain of measles virus is currently used in the United States?

What is the purpose of developing new live vaccines using genetic engineering mutations as mentioned in the text?

At what temperature are live attenuated influenza vaccines administered?

Which age group should receive the varicella zoster vaccine with an adjuvanted gpE?

Which group should receive the hepatitis B subunit (VLP) vaccine according to the text?

Which type of rotavirus vaccine should be administered to infants according to the text?

What is the main reason why the BCG vaccine is not used in the United States?

What method is used to attenuate wild-type viruses in live virus vaccines?

Which type of vaccine replicates in the gastrointestinal tract but does not reach or infect neurons?

What is the basis for one of the current vaccines administered to protect infants against human rotavirus?

What is the main advantage of the live oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin?

Why is the IPV now used for routine immunizations instead of the OPV in most parts of the world?

What is a characteristic of the HBV and HPV vaccines?

How were at least 57 mutations accumulated in the polio type 1 vaccine strain?

What is a disadvantage of using the BCG vaccine for tuberculosis?

Why are live bacterial vaccines especially important for some bacteria?

In which country is the BCG vaccine not used due to a false-positive skin reaction to the PPD test?

Which type of virus vaccines consist of less virulent mutants or genetically engineered viruses?