Virus and Vaccine Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic that suggests viruses are living?

They are obligate parasites.
They are smaller than bacteria.
They contain protein and DNA/RNA. (correct)
They cannot move on their own.

Which viral part is responsible for recognizing and attaching to host cells?

Capsid
Core
Spikes (correct)
Envelope

Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between a virus and its host cell?

Host cells are not affected by viral infections.
Viruses need a host cell to reproduce and carry out other functions. (correct)
Viruses are much larger than bacteria and host cells.
Viruses can reproduce independently of host cells.

What is the name of the protein coat that surrounds the genetic material of a virus?

Capsid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the scientist who made the first vaccine?

Edward Jenner (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a blood-borne pathogen?

Hepatitis B (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is spread by mosquitoes?

La Crosse (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a vaccine?

To prime the immune system to fight a specific virus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of microscope is used to visualize the surface of a sample in 3D?

SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a vaccine?

Can cause disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral replication?

The lytic cycle results in the immediate destruction of the host cell, while the lysogenic cycle allows the viral DNA to integrate into the host's genome. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structure of a filamentous virus?

Long, thin, and filament-like in shape (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of virus is most likely to be involved in the following scenario: A virus attaches to a host cell, then its genetic material is incorporated into the host genome, and then it remains dormant for a period of time before the lytic cycle begins?

Lysogenic (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the lytic cycle?

Integration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycoproteins in viral infection?

They help the virus to attach to the host cell. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by TSEs, BSE, Scrapie, TME, CWD, Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)?

They are all caused by prions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of prion diseases?

They are always fatal. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following diseases is NOT a prion disease?

HIV (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?

Electron microscopes have higher magnification than light microscopes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about natural selection based on Darwin's definition?

The environment selects organisms that are best adapted to survive and reproduce. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the other name for Mad Cow Disease?

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where did Mad Cow disease first appear?

England (D) Signup and view all the answers

What animal is the first recorded animal to have contracted CWD in the U.S.?

Mink (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the effect of a disease crossing a species barrier?

The disease becomes stronger and faster. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What body part is affected by diseases in the TSES family?

Brain and Spinal Cord (C) Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of these statements about HIV is true?

HIV primarily affects the immune system by attacking and destroying T cells. (B), HIV infection can be prevented by the use of antiretroviral drugs that inhibit viral replication. (C), HIV is a rapidly evolving virus due to its high mutation rate and fast reproduction. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of HIV, how does Darwin's definition of natural selection apply?

HIV's rapid mutation rate leads to variations among viral strains, some of which may be better adapted to evade the immune system. (A), The environment within the human body, including the immune system, drives the selective process of HIV evolution. (B), The human body's immune response selects against weaker strains of HIV, favoring the survival of more resistant strains. (C), Antiretroviral drugs act as a selective pressure, favoring the evolution of drug-resistant strains of HIV. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do the high rates of mutation and rapid reproduction in HIV contribute to its ability to evade the human immune system?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the high mutation rate of HIV impact the development of effective treatments?

All of the above. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between HIV's high mutation rate and its ability to spread?

High mutation rates increase the likelihood of HIV's spread by increasing its ability to evade immune defenses. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Virus

A nonliving particle that causes disease.

Parts of a virus

Includes spikes, core, capsid, and envelope, each with specific functions.