Questions and Answers
What does Deontology emphasize in moral decision-making?
According to Divine Command Theory, when is an action considered morally right?
What concept is central to Kant's Categorical Imperative?
Natural Rights Theory asserts that?
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Which of the following best describes a key characteristic of Virtue Ethics?
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In Deontological ethics, what is the primary determinant of the moral value of an action?
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How does Consequentialism differ from Deontology?
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Which philosopher is primarily associated with the development of Natural Rights Theory?
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What does consequentialism primarily evaluate when determining the morality of an action?
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Which statement best defines ethical egoism?
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Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism that emphasizes which outcome?
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What is a core principle of deontology?
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Which ethical theory prioritizes the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good?
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What critical question must consequentialist theories often address?
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In the context of normative ethics, how does virtue ethics fundamentally differ from consequentialism?
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Which of the following best describes the implications of ethical egoism for collective well-being?
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What is the main focus of Virtue Ethics?
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According to Eudaimonism, what defines the right action?
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Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Agent-Based Theories of Virtue Ethics?
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What aspect does the Ethics of Care emphasize in moral considerations?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Applied Ethics?
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Which philosopher is primarily associated with the concept of Eudaimonism?
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What does Virtue Ethics suggest constitutes the good life?
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Which of the following best captures the essence of Agent-Based Theories?
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Study Notes
Virtue Ethics
- Centers on a person's character rather than specific actions or their consequences.
- Identifies virtues and promotes practical wisdom for resolving virtue conflicts.
- Asserts that practicing virtues leads to happiness and a good life.
Eudaimonism
- Originated by Aristotle, it defines right actions as those contributing to personal well-being.
- Emphasizes a lifelong practice of virtues in everyday activities, guided by practical wisdom.
Agent-Based Theories
- Develops virtue accounts from common-sense intuitions regarding admirable traits.
- Identifiable through moral exemplars, such as those we admire for their benevolence and compassion.
Ethics of Care
- Primarily developed by Feminist theorists, it advocates for a shift in moral perspectives.
- Highlights virtues traditionally associated with women, like nurturing, patience, and self-sacrifice.
Applied Ethics
- A branch of philosophy applying ethical theory to practical situations.
- Incorporates insights from psychology and sociology in ethical deliberations.
- Informs public policy, considering duties and individual rights in decision-making.
Deontology
- Focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions rather than their outcomes.
Divine Command Theory
- A form of deontology stating that actions are right if commanded by God.
- Moral obligations arise from divine decrees; right actions are performed out of duty.
Natural Rights Theory
- Associated with Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, asserting universal, inherent rights not dependent on societal beliefs.
- Forms the foundation for contemporary human rights discourse.
Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative
- Proposes that morality stems from duty and motivations rather than consequences.
- Advocates for actions that could be universal laws and treating individuals as ends in themselves.
Consequentialism (Teleological Ethics)
- Evaluates morality based on the outcomes of actions.
- Considers what counts as good consequences and who benefits from moral actions.
Ethical Egoism
- Argues an action is right if it maximizes personal benefit, regardless of harm to others.
- Individual egoism promotes actions for self-benefit as the priority.
Utilitarianism
- An action is deemed right if it produces the greatest happiness for the majority.
- Happiness is defined as maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain.
Hedonism
- Suggests pleasure is the most significant pursuit in life.
- Encourages maximizing personal pleasure while minimizing pain or suffering.
Key Focus
- Virtue Ethics, Deontology, and Consequentialism provide varied ethical approaches based on character, duty, and outcomes respectively.
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Description
Explore the key principles of Virtue Ethics, which emphasizes the inherent character of individuals rather than the consequences of their actions. This quiz covers topics such as eudaimonism and the importance of practicing virtues for achieving happiness and a good life.
