Virtue Ethics Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Virtue Ethics?

The character of the person performing the action (correct)

The intention behind an action

Consequences of an action

The action itself

What is the main principle of Utilitarianism?

The greatest good for the greatest number (correct)

The highest good for the individual

The greatest pleasure for the majority

The least pain for the minority

What is the difference between Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill's views on Utilitarianism?

Bentham focused on quantity, while Mill focused on quality (correct)

Bentham focused on quality, while Mill focused on quantity

Bentham was an egoist, while Mill was an altruist

Bentham believed in moral absolutism, while Mill believed in moral relativism

What is the Latin word that Utilitarianism is derived from?

Utilis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Hedonism and Utilitarianism?

Hedonism focuses on individual pleasure, while Utilitarianism focuses on collective pleasure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main criticism of Egoism in relation to Utilitarianism?

Egoism prioritizes individual pleasure over collective pleasure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main principle of the Filipino First Policy?

The common good for all Filipinos Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Consequentialism and Virtue Ethics?

Consequentialism focuses on the consequences of an action, while Virtue Ethics focuses on the intention behind the action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of Virtue Ethics?

What kind of person should I be? Signup and view all the answers

What is the Greek concept of 'Telos'?

The end goal or ultimate purpose Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'Arete' in Greek philosophy?

The pursuit of excellence and mastery Signup and view all the answers

How are virtues formed according to Virtue Ethics?

Through practice and habituation Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of virtue in Virtue Ethics?

Vice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the virtuous man according to Aristotle?

Choosing to do what is good and right despite circumstances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the National Patrimony principle in the Philippines?

To prioritize the interests of Filipino citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the restriction on foreign ownership of land in the Philippines?

Foreigners can only lease the land Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Virtue Ethics

Oldest ethical theory (350 B.C.)
Concern: what kind of person should I be?
Focus on self-reflection to know one's virtue and moral character
Moral degradation results from abuse of power

Telos and Arete

Telos: end goal (THE GOOD)
All actions are dictated by Telos
Arete: speak of excellence
Greeks mastered natural medicine, sports, and democracy
Excellence is not an act, but a habit that requires consistent practice

Formation of Virtues

Virtue is an habit achieved through practice
Must be practiced consistently every day and night
Knowing it is not enough; it must be done

Vice and Human Nature

Vice is the opposite of virtue
Humans are not naturally good or evil

Aristotle's View

The virtuous man chooses to do what is good and right despite circumstances
They are content in life

Utilitarianism

Constitution and National Patrimony

Constitution: basis of all laws
National Patrimony: Filipinos must benefit first from natural and man-made resources

Filipino First Policy and Common Good

60% of business ownership must be Filipino, 40% foreign
Foreigners cannot own education, mass media, advertising, or land

Utilitarianism (Consequentialism)

Focus on consequences of actions
Not dependent on objectives (Telos) and Virtue ethics
Cause pleasure: good; cause pain: evil/bad
If useful, then it is moral

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

Jeremy Bentham: father of classical utilitarianism
John Stuart Mill: student and friend of Jeremy Bentham
Focus on quantitative and qualitative aspects of pleasure

Principles of Utility

Act to produce the greatest good for the greatest number
Majority and priority

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Description

Learn about the fundamentals of Virtue Ethics, including the concept of Telos and Arete, and how to form virtues through self-reflection and habituation.