Virtual Machine Monitors and Hypervisors

Scalability is not one of Popek and Goldberg's properties. It refers to the ability of a system to handle increasing workloads, which may be impacted by the VMM, but isn't a core property like isolation, fidelity, or control.

Moore's Law states that processing power doubles roughly every 18 months.

Consolidation in virtualization refers to running multiple workloads, such as applications or operating systems, on a single physical host. This optimizes resource usage and reduces hardware costs.

A hypervisor is the modern term for a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM). It acts as a layer between the physical hardware and virtual machines, managing resource allocation and providing isolation.

False. TF-Virtualization can be applied to various environments including servers, desktops, and applications. Modern hypervisors like VMware ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V support desktop virtualization as well.

VMware, a leading virtualization company, developed the first commercial x86 hypervisor in 2001, revolutionizing the virtualization landscape.

Containment in virtualization refers to the isolation and security of virtual machines. It ensures that applications or systems deployed within virtual environments are isolated from each other and the host system, preventing unauthorized access or interference.

True. Hypervisors act as intermediaries between virtual machines and physical hardware, managing resource allocation, such as CPU, memory, and storage. Load balancing ensures optimal resource utilization across virtual machines, preventing bottlenecks.

True. Snapshots capture the state of a virtual machine at a particular point in time, including its operating system, applications, and data. This allows you to revert to this captured state easily, effectively creating a checkpoint.

Cloning in virtualization duplicates the hardware configuration and software environment of a virtual machine. This creates an identical copy, facilitating deployment or testing of applications.

OVF (Open Virtualization Format) allows packaging multiple virtual machines into a single, transportable unit. The .ovf file extension signifies this comprehensive package, containing virtual machine configurations and data.

Templates in virtualization are non-running, standardized configurations used as blueprints for creating new virtual machines. They provide a consistent base for deploying applications or systems, ensuring uniformity and reducing configuration errors.

Hot cloning allows migrating a running virtual machine without downtime, as changes are synchronized in real-time. This eliminates the need to stop or restart applications, minimizing disruption.

True. Cold cloning requires the application to be inactive during the migration process. This is necessary because the rate of data changes while the application is running might interfere with the migration process, leading to inconsistencies.

V2V migration, also known as virtual-to-virtual migration, involves converting a virtual machine from one virtualization platform to another. This allows moving virtual machines across different hypervisors or cloud environments.

VMware Tools are used to enhance the integration and performance of virtual machines within a VMware environment. They provide features like enhanced graphics, better guest operating system performance, and improved management capabilities. Enhanced memory utilization is a core functionality managed by the hypervisor, not VMware Tools.

True. The virtual environment created by a Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) should faithfully mimic the physical environment. This ensures consistent and predictable operation of applications and systems in the virtualized environment.

Hyperthreading is a technology that allows a single CPU core to appear as multiple logical processors. This enhances CPU utilization, as each physical core can process twice the workload, leading to performance improvements.

When a snapshot is created, the original virtual machine disk is locked, preventing further changes. Changes made after the snapshot are written to a separate child disk. Reverting to the snapshot erases the child disk, restoring the virtual machine to its state at the time of the snapshot. Deleting the snapshot merges the changes from the child disk into the original disk, making the changes permanent.

Virtual appliances are prebuilt packages that include all the necessary components to deploy an application. They are preconfigured with operating systems, applications, and settings, making deployment faster and easier. During patching or updates, the entire appliance is replaced, ensuring consistency and minimizing errors.

False. While VMware Tools offer various advantages for improved integration and performance within VMware environments, installing them is not mandatory. However, neglecting to install them can lead to degraded performance and limited functionality for the virtual machine.

On Linux systems, a system process, especially one that runs in the background and is often essential to the overall operation of the system, is referred to as a daemon. Daemons handle essential system tasks like network services, logging, and scheduling.

True. VMware Tools must be installed as a root user on Linux virtual machines because they require access to system-level resources and configurations. This ensures proper integration and functionality of the tools within the Linux environment.

Hosted Architecture. Type 1 hypervisors, also known as bare metal hypervisors, run directly on the physical hardware without needing a host operating system. They provide a more efficient and secure environment, as they are directly connected to the hardware.

Bare Metal Architecture. Type 2 hypervisors, also known as hosted hypervisors, run on top of a host operating system. They are easier to deploy and manage, but they can have some performance limitations due to the additional layer of software.

1. 30GB
2. 130GB
3. The hypervisor might not have enough physical storage to accommodate the virtual machine's growth, leading to potential instability or even crashes. It is crucial to either allocate more storage or consider migrating the VM to a host with more storage.

256 vCPUs can be allocated. 4 processors x 8 cores per processor x 8 vCPUs per pCPU = 256 vCPUs

A clone is a copy of an existing virtual machine, preserving its configuration, data, and state. A template is a non-running baseline that acts as a blueprint for creating new virtual machines, providing a standardized configuration.

Sales Team-Bridge-Bridge networking assigns each virtual machine a unique IP address within the physical network, making it directly reachable from external networks. This is suitable for the sales team as their servers need to face external clients. Finance Team-NAT-Network Address Translation (NAT) assigns unique IP addresses to the finance team's virtual machines but isolates them from external networks. Communication is only possible within the host network, ensuring internal access only.

True. Network I/O control provides guaranteed bandwidth for individual virtual machines or groups of VMs in a VMware ESX environment. This ensures consistent network performance even during periods of high usage.

Live migration allows moving a running virtual machine from one host to another without interrupting its operation. This is crucial for planned downtime as it eliminates the need to shut down applications. While applications are running, the hypervisor can seamlessly shift the virtual machine to another host, ensuring uninterrupted service.

Fault tolerance (FT) prevents application interruptions by constantly replicating virtual machine data and state to a secondary host. If one host fails, the other host immediately takes over, ensuring seamless operation. High availability (HA) focuses on restarting virtual machines after a host failure, minimizing downtime, but there is a brief pause while the VM restarts.