Virology Lecture 4: Attachment and Entry
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a class II fusion protein during viral entry?

  • Mediates virus attachment to the host cell
  • Induces conformational changes that lead to membrane fusion or penetration (correct)
  • Binds to specific receptors on the host cell
  • Facilitates viral genome replication inside the cell
  • In the infectious cycle, which type of cell is the only one capable of taking up a virus particle and replicating it?

  • Permissive cell
  • Non-functional cell
  • Resistant cell
  • Susceptible cell (correct)
  • What is the primary role of a class I fusion protein in viral entry?

  • Facilitates assembly and release of new virions
  • Mediates fusion of viral and cellular membranes (correct)
  • Stimulates viral mRNA production and translation
  • Attaches to specific receptors on the host cell surface
  • Why are viruses considered obligate intracellular parasites?

    <p>Because they are too large to diffuse across plasma membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During viral attachment, what is the significance of step 1 - adhering to the cell surface?

    <p>It is mediated by random collisions and electrostatic interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates a permissive cell from a susceptible cell in terms of viral replication?

    <p>Permissive cells may or may not be susceptible to viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific receptor in the endosome membrane that the viral fusion protein binds to?

    <p>Niemann-Pick C1 protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fusion protein requires proteolytic cleavage to activate for fusion?

    <p>Class I fusion proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are genomes released from non-enveloped viruses like Adenovirus?

    <p>Uncoating at the nuclear pore complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus requires a low pH environment for fusion to occur?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows some viruses to breach the strong cell wall of bacterial cells during infection?

    <p>Exploitation of specialized structures on the bacterial surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do plant viruses require assistance from external trauma for entry into plant cells?

    <p>To overcome the rigid cell walls of plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of entry for influenza virus into host cells?

    <p>Membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fusion protein is mostly α-helical and forms trimers?

    <p>Class I fusion proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In acid-catalyzed membrane fusion, what does the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza virus undergo?

    <p>Conformational rearrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fusion proteins are mostly β-sheet and form dimers parallel to the membrane?

    <p>Class II fusion proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sialic acid is preferentially bound by human strains of influenza viruses?

    <p>N-acetylneuraminic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key event that mediates the fusion of viral and host cell membranes during viral entry?

    <p>Membrane fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

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