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Questions and Answers
What was prohibited by Virginia’s Slave Code of 1705 regarding black individuals and gun ownership?
What was prohibited by Virginia’s Slave Code of 1705 regarding black individuals and gun ownership?
What could happen if a black individual was apprehended by a white person under the Slave Code?
What could happen if a black individual was apprehended by a white person under the Slave Code?
Which of the following best describes the status of non-Christian indentured servants brought into Virginia?
Which of the following best describes the status of non-Christian indentured servants brought into Virginia?
What action did Thomas Jefferson take regarding the judges appointed by John Adams?
What action did Thomas Jefferson take regarding the judges appointed by John Adams?
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What was the basis of William Marbury's lawsuit?
What was the basis of William Marbury's lawsuit?
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How did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in relation to the Judiciary Act of 1789?
How did Chief Justice John Marshall rule in relation to the Judiciary Act of 1789?
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Which provision of the Slave Code specifically affected the ability of black individuals to engage in physical violence?
Which provision of the Slave Code specifically affected the ability of black individuals to engage in physical violence?
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What was the legal identification process for indentured servants brought to Virginia?
What was the legal identification process for indentured servants brought to Virginia?
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What key principle did Marbury v. Madison establish?
What key principle did Marbury v. Madison establish?
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Which clause of the US Constitution is the basis for the supremacy of federal law over state law?
Which clause of the US Constitution is the basis for the supremacy of federal law over state law?
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What was the outcome of Fletcher v. Peck?
What was the outcome of Fletcher v. Peck?
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Who was the Chief Justice during Marbury v. Madison?
Who was the Chief Justice during Marbury v. Madison?
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Which law was declared unconstitutional in the case of Marbury v. Madison?
Which law was declared unconstitutional in the case of Marbury v. Madison?
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What conflict led to the Marbury v. Madison case?
What conflict led to the Marbury v. Madison case?
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What does the principle of judicial review allow the Supreme Court to do?
What does the principle of judicial review allow the Supreme Court to do?
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Which of the following statements is true about the Supreme Court's role after Marbury v. Madison?
Which of the following statements is true about the Supreme Court's role after Marbury v. Madison?
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Study Notes
Virginia Slave Code of 1705
- Slavery and Sale: The code allowed for the buying, selling, and inheritance of enslaved black people.
- Racial Restrictions: Black people (both enslaved and free) were prohibited from owning weapons.
- Violence: Black individuals were forbidden from physically harming white people.
- Labor: Black people were prohibited from employing white servants.
- Apprehension: White individuals were permitted to detain any black person to demand documentation (a certificate or pass) proving their freedom or legal permission to be off a plantation.
- Indentured Servitude: Christian servants over 19 years old served until age 24.
- Servant's Age Verification: Indentured servants' ages and service terms were verified in court.
- Servant's Indentures: If a servant claimed indentures, the master could present the servant to a justice of the peace to verify the claim.
- Conversion to Christianity: Servants not Christian in their home country were enslaved, even if they converted later.
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
- Background: President John Adams appointed Federalist judges in his final days in office, and commissions (judges' authority documents) weren't all delivered before Thomas Jefferson's presidency.
- Conflict: Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican, ordered his Secretary of State, James Madison, not to deliver the remaining commissions, intending to block Federalist appointees.
- Lawsuit: William Marbury sued to get his commission, using a clause in the 1789 Judiciary Act that allowed the Supreme Court to compel executive officials to deliver commissions.
- Supreme Court Decision (Chief Justice John Marshall): Marshall ruled the Judiciary Act's provision was unconstitutional, surpassing the power granted by the Constitution to the Supreme Court.
- Judicial Review Establised: This established judicial review—the power of the Supreme Court to interpret laws and declare them unconstitutional.
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
- Cause: The New Georgia legislature invalidated a land grant and subsequent sales, a contract.
- Significance: The Supreme Court declared a state law unconstitutional for the first time.
- Impact: The ruling extended judicial review to state laws, strengthening the judiciary's role in interpreting the US Constitution.
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Description
Explore the key features of the Virginia Slave Code of 1705, which laid the legal groundwork for slavery in Virginia. This code addressed the sale and treatment of enslaved individuals, racial restrictions, and regulations for indentured servants. Understand the historical context and implications of these laws on society at the time.
