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Questions and Answers
A virus that remains in the host for a long period without producing disease symptoms is exhibiting which type of infection?
A virus that remains in the host for a long period without producing disease symptoms is exhibiting which type of infection?
- Chronic infection
- Transforming infection
- Lytic infection
- Latent infection (correct)
Which of the following effects on a host cell is LEAST likely to be associated with a lytic viral infection?
Which of the following effects on a host cell is LEAST likely to be associated with a lytic viral infection?
- Apoptosis
- Altered cell shape
- Integration of viral nucleic acid into the host genome (correct)
- Membrane fusion
Which viral infection type is characterized by viral nucleic acid persisting indefinitely in the host cell, potentially leading to oncogenic changes, without active virus production?
Which viral infection type is characterized by viral nucleic acid persisting indefinitely in the host cell, potentially leading to oncogenic changes, without active virus production?
- Chronic
- Transforming (correct)
- Latent
- Lytic
A patient presents with vesicles on their lips. The virus is likely latent in which nerve?
A patient presents with vesicles on their lips. The virus is likely latent in which nerve?
Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) in a patient over 50 years old typically results in what condition?
Reactivation of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) in a patient over 50 years old typically results in what condition?
Which virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as the 'kissing disease'?
Which virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis, often referred to as the 'kissing disease'?
A researcher is studying a virus that causes respiratory illness, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. Which virus is most likely the subject of their study?
A researcher is studying a virus that causes respiratory illness, gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. Which virus is most likely the subject of their study?
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is caused by which of the following viruses?
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is caused by which of the following viruses?
Which of the following is the largest DNA virus?
Which of the following is the largest DNA virus?
Damage to host cell DNA induced by a virus can potentially lead to:
Damage to host cell DNA induced by a virus can potentially lead to:
Flashcards
Abortive Infection
Abortive Infection
Viral infection without viral production.
Lytic (Cytocidal) Infection
Lytic (Cytocidal) Infection
Viral infection that kills the host cell.
Chronic Persistent Infection
Chronic Persistent Infection
Viral infection that is not lytic but productive.
Latent Persistent Infection
Latent Persistent Infection
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Slow Infections
Slow Infections
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Transforming Infections
Transforming Infections
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Morphological (Cytopathic) Effects
Morphological (Cytopathic) Effects
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Physiological/Biochemical Effects
Physiological/Biochemical Effects
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Genotoxic/Mutation Effects
Genotoxic/Mutation Effects
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Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1)
Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1)
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Study Notes
- Viral infections can be abortive, meaning no viral production occurs.
- Lytic or cytocidal infections kill the host cell.
- Persistent infections do not kill the host cell but are productive.
Persistent Infections
- Chronic infections are non-lytic but productive.
- Latent infections involve the virus remaining in an asymptomatic host for a long period, examples include cold sores and shingles.
- Slow infections feature a prolonged incubation period followed by disease.
- Transforming infections involve viral nucleic acid remaining indefinitely without virus production and can lead to oncogenic changes.
Host Cell Damage
- Morphological effects (cytopathic) include altered cell shape, lysis, membrane fusion, and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
- Physiological/biochemical effects include changes in ion movement or host cell chemical molecules.
- Genotoxic/mutation effects involve damage to host cell DNA, potentially initiating cancer.
- Oncogenic viruses can cause genotoxic/mutation effects.
DNA Viruses
- Adenovirus primarily causes respiratory illness, but can also cause gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and rashes.
- Hepadnavirus causes Hepatitis B.
- Poxvirus is the largest DNA virus, an example is Smallpox (Variola virus), which the WHO announced was eradicated from the world in 1981.
- Parvovirus is the smallest DNA virus, B19 causes 5th disease (erythema infectiosum).
Herpesvirus
- Herpes Simplex 1 (HHV-1) causes cold sores or fever blisters (vesicles on lips) and herpes whitlow (vesicles on fingers).
- HHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal nerve.
- Herpes Simplex 2 (HHV-2) causes genital herpes and encephalitis, and can be carcinogenic,.
- HHV-2 remains latent in the sacral nerve.
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV 3, VZV) remains latent in the dorsal nerve root.
- Varicella (chickenpox) and shingles (herpes zoster) are caused by reactivation of latent HHV-3.
- Shingles are more common above 50 years old.
- Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4, EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis, also known as Mono, Glandular Fever, or Kissing disease.
- Infectious mononucleosis is more common in young adults.
- Those infected with mononucleosis should avoid contact sports.
- Epstein-Barr Virus is carcinogenic.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV, HHV-5).
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