50 Questions
What is the anatomic division of the liver into right and left halves by a line extending from the gallbladder fossa posteriorly to the inferior vena cava?
Cantlie’s line
Which structure attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and extends to the umbilicus?
Falciform ligament
Which artery off the left gastric artery is found in the gastrohepatic ligament medially?
Left hepatic artery
What structure carries the obliterated umbilical vein to the undersurface of the liver?
Ligamentum teres
Which segments make up the left lobe according to Couinaud’s segmental anatomy of the liver?
Segments II, III, and IV
Where does the right hepatic artery off superior mesenteric artery (#1 hepatic artery variant) course behind according to the text?
Pancreas
What is the main component of bile responsible for emulsifying fats in the intestine?
Bile salts
Which segment of the liver receives separate right and left portal and arterial blood flow?
Caudate lobe
In which zone of the liver are hepatocytes most sensitive to ischemia?
Zone III
What is the usual energy source for the liver?
Ketones
Which condition leads to the dark color of urine, similar to cola?
Excess urobilinogen
What is the main function of glucuronyl transferase in the liver?
Conjugation of bilirubin
Which syndrome is characterized by a deficiency in storage ability and high conjugated bilirubin?
Rotor’s syndrome
What is the primary component of bile responsible for solubilizing cholesterol?
Bile salts
Which type of hepatitis agent has serious consequences that are uncommon?
Hepatitis A (RNA)
What is the maximum total bilirubin level at which jaundice becomes evident under the tongue?
2.5
Which virus is currently the most common cause of viral hepatitis leading to liver transplant?
Hepatitis C
What is the best indicator of synthetic function in a patient with cirrhosis?
Prothrombin time (PT)
What is the most common cause of liver failure?
Cirrhosis
What is the mechanism behind cirrhosis?
Portal venous congestion
What is the treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?
Lactulose
What is the primary bacteria causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?
Escherichia coli
What is the initial management for esophageal variceal bleeding?
Band ligation and sclerotherapy
Which condition leads to portal hypertension characterized by post-sinusoidal obstruction?
Budd-Chiari syndrome
What is considered a significant portal vein pressure measurement?
> 10 mm Hg
"Caput medusae", a condition associated with portal hypertension, refers to visible veins around which area of the body?
Abdomen
Which benign hepatic tumor is most likely to rupture and cause symptoms such as pain, elevated liver function tests, decreased blood pressure, and a palpable mass?
Adenoma
Which benign hepatic tumor is characterized by having a central stellate scar on imaging and is more common in women?
Focal nodular hyperplasia
Which test is the best for diagnosing hemangiomas?
Tagged RBC scan
Which of the following is a rare complication of hemangioma characterized by consumptive coagulopathy and congestive heart failure?
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
What is the most common cancer worldwide and is most commonly associated with symptoms of right upper quadrant discomfort and weight loss?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Which type of hepatocellular carcinoma has the best prognosis and is usually found in adolescents and young adults, not in the setting of cirrhosis?
Fibrolamellar type
What imaging test may show a mosaic pattern with non-homogenous necrotic areas mixed with hypervascular sections characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma?
CT scan
Which factor correlates with the size of hepatocellular carcinoma tumors?
AFP level
What is the primary risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide?
Hepatitis B
What intervention is recommended if future liver remnant (FLR) does not look adequate for resection of liver cancer?
Preoperative liver transplantation evaluation
What should be urgently repaired in the presence of perforation, infection, or bowel incarceration during umbilical hernia repair with ascites?
Bowel
What should be removed and controlled preoperatively in the presence of ascites during umbilical hernia repair?
Ascites
Which shunt option is considered selective and has a low rate of encephalopathy?
Splenorenal shunt
In which condition is the use of splenorenal shunts contraindicated?
Refractory ascites
What is used as an alternative if TIPS is not available and refractory ascites is the problem?
Partial portosystemic shunt
Which scoring system correlates with mortality after open shunt placement?
Child-Pugh Score
In which condition is TIPS contraindicated?
Refractory ascites
What is the most common cause of massive hematemesis in children with portal hypertension?
Esophageal varices
What is the most common organism responsible for pyogenic liver abscesses?
E. coli
Which type of benign liver tumor has a risk of significant bleeding, especially as its size increases?
Hepatic adenoma
Which condition can lead to isolated gastric varices without elevation of pressure in the rest of the portal system?
Splenic vein thrombosis
What is the most appropriate initial treatment for acute portal vein thrombosis without upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Heparin
What is the most common cause of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis in children?
Hypercoagulable states
Which type of liver abscess can often be diagnosed based on CT characteristics and usually does not require drainage?
Amebic abscess
Test your knowledge of viral hepatitis with this quiz covering important facts about hepatitis B, C, D, and E. Learn about their antibodies, treatments, incubation periods, and unique characteristics.
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