31 Liver ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

What is the anatomic division of the liver into right and left halves by a line extending from the gallbladder fossa posteriorly to the inferior vena cava?

Which structure attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and extends to the umbilicus?

Which artery off the left gastric artery is found in the gastrohepatic ligament medially?

What structure carries the obliterated umbilical vein to the undersurface of the liver?

Which segments make up the left lobe according to Couinaud’s segmental anatomy of the liver?

Where does the right hepatic artery off superior mesenteric artery (#1 hepatic artery variant) course behind according to the text?

What is the main component of bile responsible for emulsifying fats in the intestine?

Which segment of the liver receives separate right and left portal and arterial blood flow?

In which zone of the liver are hepatocytes most sensitive to ischemia?

What is the usual energy source for the liver?

Which condition leads to the dark color of urine, similar to cola?

What is the main function of glucuronyl transferase in the liver?

Which syndrome is characterized by a deficiency in storage ability and high conjugated bilirubin?

What is the primary component of bile responsible for solubilizing cholesterol?

Which type of hepatitis agent has serious consequences that are uncommon?

What is the maximum total bilirubin level at which jaundice becomes evident under the tongue?

Which virus is currently the most common cause of viral hepatitis leading to liver transplant?

What is the best indicator of synthetic function in a patient with cirrhosis?

What is the most common cause of liver failure?

What is the mechanism behind cirrhosis?

What is the treatment for hepatic encephalopathy?

What is the primary bacteria causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)?

What is the initial management for esophageal variceal bleeding?

Which condition leads to portal hypertension characterized by post-sinusoidal obstruction?

What is considered a significant portal vein pressure measurement?

"Caput medusae", a condition associated with portal hypertension, refers to visible veins around which area of the body?

Which benign hepatic tumor is most likely to rupture and cause symptoms such as pain, elevated liver function tests, decreased blood pressure, and a palpable mass?

Which benign hepatic tumor is characterized by having a central stellate scar on imaging and is more common in women?

Which test is the best for diagnosing hemangiomas?

Which of the following is a rare complication of hemangioma characterized by consumptive coagulopathy and congestive heart failure?

What is the most common cancer worldwide and is most commonly associated with symptoms of right upper quadrant discomfort and weight loss?

Which type of hepatocellular carcinoma has the best prognosis and is usually found in adolescents and young adults, not in the setting of cirrhosis?

What imaging test may show a mosaic pattern with non-homogenous necrotic areas mixed with hypervascular sections characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Which factor correlates with the size of hepatocellular carcinoma tumors?

What is the primary risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide?

What intervention is recommended if future liver remnant (FLR) does not look adequate for resection of liver cancer?

What should be urgently repaired in the presence of perforation, infection, or bowel incarceration during umbilical hernia repair with ascites?

What should be removed and controlled preoperatively in the presence of ascites during umbilical hernia repair?

Which shunt option is considered selective and has a low rate of encephalopathy?

In which condition is the use of splenorenal shunts contraindicated?

What is used as an alternative if TIPS is not available and refractory ascites is the problem?

Which scoring system correlates with mortality after open shunt placement?

In which condition is TIPS contraindicated?

What is the most common cause of massive hematemesis in children with portal hypertension?

What is the most common organism responsible for pyogenic liver abscesses?

Which type of benign liver tumor has a risk of significant bleeding, especially as its size increases?

Which condition can lead to isolated gastric varices without elevation of pressure in the rest of the portal system?

What is the most appropriate initial treatment for acute portal vein thrombosis without upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

What is the most common cause of extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis in children?

Which type of liver abscess can often be diagnosed based on CT characteristics and usually does not require drainage?