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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the envelope in viruses?
What is the function of the envelope in viruses?
Which virus is an example of a DNA virus?
Which virus is an example of a DNA virus?
Which enzyme is commonly carried by some viruses for replication?
Which enzyme is commonly carried by some viruses for replication?
What is the primary nucleic acid found in RNA viruses?
What is the primary nucleic acid found in RNA viruses?
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During which period do no intact virions appear within the infected host cell?
During which period do no intact virions appear within the infected host cell?
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What is an example of a disease caused by an RNA virus?
What is an example of a disease caused by an RNA virus?
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What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them obligate intracellular parasites?
What is a characteristic of viruses that makes them obligate intracellular parasites?
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Which structure of a virus is responsible for protecting the nucleic acid and helping the virus enter the host cell?
Which structure of a virus is responsible for protecting the nucleic acid and helping the virus enter the host cell?
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Which type of capsid is characterized by a continuous helix of capsomers forming a cylindrical nucleocapsid?
Which type of capsid is characterized by a continuous helix of capsomers forming a cylindrical nucleocapsid?
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How do enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes?
How do enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes?
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Which type of virus has an external covering mostly seen in animal viruses?
Which type of virus has an external covering mostly seen in animal viruses?
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What role do spikes play in viruses with envelopes?
What role do spikes play in viruses with envelopes?
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Which type of viruses can show latency?
Which type of viruses can show latency?
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Which type of virus causes cervical cancer?
Which type of virus causes cervical cancer?
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Which type of infectious agent contains no nucleic acid or covering?
Which type of infectious agent contains no nucleic acid or covering?
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What is the condition in which host DNA carries the phage DNA?
What is the condition in which host DNA carries the phage DNA?
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Which type of virus enters the host cell and permanently alters its genetic material resulting in cancer?
Which type of virus enters the host cell and permanently alters its genetic material resulting in cancer?
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Which type of viruses contain naked strands of RNA with no capsid or covering?
Which type of viruses contain naked strands of RNA with no capsid or covering?
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Study Notes
Viral Structure and Function
- The envelope in viruses functions to protect the nucleic acid and aid in host cell entry.
Types of Viruses
- DNA viruses: an example is Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
- RNA viruses: primary nucleic acid is RNA.
Viral Replication
- Some viruses carry the enzyme reverse transcriptase for replication.
Infectious Cycle
- During the eclipse period, no intact virions appear within the infected host cell.
Viral Diseases
- RNA viruses can cause diseases, such as polio.
Viral Characteristics
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites due to their inability to reproduce independently.
Viral Structure
- The capsid is responsible for protecting the nucleic acid and aiding in host cell entry.
- Helical capsid: a continuous helix of capsomers forming a cylindrical nucleocapsid.
Enveloped Viruses
- Enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from the host cell membrane during budding.
- Animal viruses often possess an external lipid envelope.
Viral Spikes
- Spikes on enveloped viruses play a role in host cell recognition and attachment.
Latency and Oncogenesis
- Some viruses, such as herpesviruses, can show latency.
- HPV can cause cervical cancer.
- Oncogenic viruses, such as retroviruses, can enter the host cell and permanently alter its genetic material, resulting in cancer.
Other Infectious Agents
- Viroids are infectious agents that contain no nucleic acid or covering.
- The condition in which host DNA carries phage DNA is called lysogeny.
RNA Viruses
- RNA viruses with naked strands of RNA, such as poliovirus, lack a capsid or covering.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the function of viral envelopes in protecting viral nucleic acids and aiding virus penetration into host cells, as well as the general structure of viruses including complex viruses like poxviruses and bacteriophages.
