Viral Classifications Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Reoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome.

False

Filoviruses are known for causing illnesses like Ebola and Marburg fever.

True

The Delta virus can replicate independently without the presence of HBV.

False

Coronaviruses have a helical morphology.

True Signup and view all the answers

The important diseases associated with Picornaviruses include Norovirus and Hepatitis C virus.

False Signup and view all the answers

Paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis in babies.

True Signup and view all the answers

Bunyaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.

False Signup and view all the answers

Matavirus is known for causing the Yellow fever virus.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reoviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome.

False Signup and view all the answers

The morphology of Bunyaviruses is classified as helical.

True Signup and view all the answers

Flaviviruses are associated with diseases such as Rubella and Dengue.

False Signup and view all the answers

Picornaviruses can cause aseptic meningitis and are known for the Poliovirus.

True Signup and view all the answers

The Hepevirus family is known for causing Norovirus infections.

False Signup and view all the answers

Coronaviruses have a spherical morphology.

False Signup and view all the answers

Retroviruses require the presence of another virus for replication.

False Signup and view all the answers

Ebola is classified under the Rhabdovirus family.

False Signup and view all the answers

Orthomyxoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that is multisegmented.

False Signup and view all the answers

The important diseases associated with Caliciviruses include Norovirus.

True Signup and view all the answers

Arenaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.

False Signup and view all the answers

Matavirus is associated with the Rubella virus.

True Signup and view all the answers

Flaviviruses have an icosahedral morphology.

True Signup and view all the answers

The Delta virus is considered defective and needs HBV for replication.

True Signup and view all the answers

Rhabdoviruses have a linear RNA genome that is double-stranded.

False Signup and view all the answers

Paramyxoviruses can cause diseases like measles and mumps.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Viral Classifications Overview

Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.

Reoviruses

Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.

Picornaviruses

Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral shape.
Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.

Hepevirus

Features single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in form.
Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Caliciviruses

Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.

Flaviviruses

Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral configuration.
Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.

Togaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.

Matonaviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in shape.
Includes rubella virus.

Retroviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.

Coronaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.

Orthomyxoviruses

Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
Helical form.
Influenza virus is the primary representative.

Paramyxoviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical morphology.
Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.

Rhabdoviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.

Filoviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical in form.
Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.

Arenaviruses

Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical morphology.
Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.

Bunyaviruses

Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical structure.
Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).

Delta Virus

Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
Morphology is uncertain.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.

Viral Classifications Overview

Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.

Reoviruses

Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.

Picornaviruses

Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral shape.
Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.

Hepevirus

Features single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in form.
Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Caliciviruses

Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.

Flaviviruses

Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral configuration.
Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.

Togaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.

Matonaviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in shape.
Includes rubella virus.

Retroviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.

Coronaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.

Orthomyxoviruses

Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
Helical form.
Influenza virus is the primary representative.

Paramyxoviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical morphology.
Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.

Rhabdoviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.

Filoviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical in form.
Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.

Arenaviruses

Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical morphology.
Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.

Bunyaviruses

Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical structure.
Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).

Delta Virus

Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
Morphology is uncertain.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.

Viral Classifications Overview

Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.

Reoviruses

Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.

Picornaviruses

Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral shape.
Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.

Hepevirus

Features single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in form.
Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).

Caliciviruses

Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.

Flaviviruses

Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral configuration.
Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.

Togaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral morphology.
Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.

Matonaviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral in shape.
Includes rubella virus.

Retroviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Icosahedral structure.
Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.

Coronaviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.

Orthomyxoviruses

Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
Helical form.
Influenza virus is the primary representative.

Paramyxoviruses

Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical morphology.
Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.

Rhabdoviruses

Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical structure.
Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.

Filoviruses

Single-stranded linear RNA.
Helical in form.
Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.

Arenaviruses

Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical morphology.
Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.

Bunyaviruses

Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
Helical structure.
Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).

Delta Virus

Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
Morphology is uncertain.
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various virus families, including their DNA and RNA characteristics, morphology, and the important diseases they cause. This quiz covers key information essential for understanding virology.