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Questions and Answers
Reoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome.
Reoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome.
False
Filoviruses are known for causing illnesses like Ebola and Marburg fever.
Filoviruses are known for causing illnesses like Ebola and Marburg fever.
True
The Delta virus can replicate independently without the presence of HBV.
The Delta virus can replicate independently without the presence of HBV.
False
Coronaviruses have a helical morphology.
Coronaviruses have a helical morphology.
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The important diseases associated with Picornaviruses include Norovirus and Hepatitis C virus.
The important diseases associated with Picornaviruses include Norovirus and Hepatitis C virus.
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Paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis in babies.
Paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory diseases such as bronchiolitis in babies.
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Bunyaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.
Bunyaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.
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Matavirus is known for causing the Yellow fever virus.
Matavirus is known for causing the Yellow fever virus.
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Reoviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome.
Reoviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome.
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The morphology of Bunyaviruses is classified as helical.
The morphology of Bunyaviruses is classified as helical.
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Flaviviruses are associated with diseases such as Rubella and Dengue.
Flaviviruses are associated with diseases such as Rubella and Dengue.
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Picornaviruses can cause aseptic meningitis and are known for the Poliovirus.
Picornaviruses can cause aseptic meningitis and are known for the Poliovirus.
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The Hepevirus family is known for causing Norovirus infections.
The Hepevirus family is known for causing Norovirus infections.
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Coronaviruses have a spherical morphology.
Coronaviruses have a spherical morphology.
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Retroviruses require the presence of another virus for replication.
Retroviruses require the presence of another virus for replication.
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Ebola is classified under the Rhabdovirus family.
Ebola is classified under the Rhabdovirus family.
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Orthomyxoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that is multisegmented.
Orthomyxoviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that is multisegmented.
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The important diseases associated with Caliciviruses include Norovirus.
The important diseases associated with Caliciviruses include Norovirus.
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Arenaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.
Arenaviruses have a linear RNA genome that is single-stranded.
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Matavirus is associated with the Rubella virus.
Matavirus is associated with the Rubella virus.
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Flaviviruses have an icosahedral morphology.
Flaviviruses have an icosahedral morphology.
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The Delta virus is considered defective and needs HBV for replication.
The Delta virus is considered defective and needs HBV for replication.
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Rhabdoviruses have a linear RNA genome that is double-stranded.
Rhabdoviruses have a linear RNA genome that is double-stranded.
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Paramyxoviruses can cause diseases like measles and mumps.
Paramyxoviruses can cause diseases like measles and mumps.
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Study Notes
Viral Classifications Overview
- Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.
Reoviruses
- Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.
Picornaviruses
- Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral shape.
- Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.
Hepevirus
- Features single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in form.
- Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).
Caliciviruses
- Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.
Flaviviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral configuration.
- Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.
Togaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.
Matonaviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in shape.
- Includes rubella virus.
Retroviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.
Coronaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.
Orthomyxoviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
- Helical form.
- Influenza virus is the primary representative.
Paramyxoviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.
Rhabdoviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.
Filoviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical in form.
- Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.
Arenaviruses
- Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.
Bunyaviruses
- Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).
Delta Virus
- Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
- Morphology is uncertain.
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
Viral Classifications Overview
- Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.
Reoviruses
- Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.
Picornaviruses
- Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral shape.
- Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.
Hepevirus
- Features single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in form.
- Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).
Caliciviruses
- Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.
Flaviviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral configuration.
- Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.
Togaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.
Matonaviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in shape.
- Includes rubella virus.
Retroviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.
Coronaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.
Orthomyxoviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
- Helical form.
- Influenza virus is the primary representative.
Paramyxoviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.
Rhabdoviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.
Filoviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical in form.
- Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.
Arenaviruses
- Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.
Bunyaviruses
- Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).
Delta Virus
- Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
- Morphology is uncertain.
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
Viral Classifications Overview
- Viruses can be classified based on their family, nucleic acid type, morphology, and associated diseases.
Reoviruses
- Contain no RNA or DNA; characterized by double-stranded linear and multisegmented RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Primary cause of rotavirus, linked to severe diarrhea in young children with possible fatal outcomes.
Picornaviruses
- Composed only of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral shape.
- Notable diseases include poliovirus (prevented by Salk and Sabin vaccines), echovirus (linked to aseptic meningitis), rhinovirus (cause of the common cold), and coxsackievirus (associated with several illnesses including myocarditis and hand, foot, and mouth disease).
- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) causes acute viral hepatitis.
Hepevirus
- Features single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in form.
- Primarily represented by hepatitis E virus (HEV).
Caliciviruses
- Contains single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Norovirus is a significant agent of viral gastroenteritis, noted for outbreaks.
Flaviviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral configuration.
- Associated with diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, West Nile Virus (leading to meningoencephalitis and paralysis), and Zika virus.
Togaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral morphology.
- Includes chikungunya (may co-infect with dengue), rubella, and eastern/western equine encephalitis.
Matonaviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral in shape.
- Includes rubella virus.
Retroviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Icosahedral structure.
- Notable for the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), capable of reverse transcription into DNA, leading to various leukemias and lymphomas.
Coronaviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Major diseases include SARS, COVID-19, and MERS.
Orthomyxoviruses
- Possess single-stranded linear multipartite RNA.
- Helical form.
- Influenza virus is the primary representative.
Paramyxoviruses
- Composed of single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Key diseases include parainfluenza virus (causes croup), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, causes bronchiolitis in infants), measles, and mumps.
Rhabdoviruses
- Contain single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Rabies virus is a notable member, known for its severe neurological effects.
Filoviruses
- Single-stranded linear RNA.
- Helical in form.
- Includes Ebola and Marburg viruses, leading to severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fevers.
Arenaviruses
- Composed of both single-stranded and circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical morphology.
- Examples include lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and those causing Lassa fever, frequently spread by rodents.
Bunyaviruses
- Possess single-stranded circular multisegmented RNA.
- Helical structure.
- Associated with various diseases such as California encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, and hantavirus (linked to hemorrhagic fever and pneumonia).
Delta Virus
- Contains single-stranded circular RNA.
- Morphology is uncertain.
- Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a "defective" virus requiring the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various virus families, including their DNA and RNA characteristics, morphology, and the important diseases they cause. This quiz covers key information essential for understanding virology.
