Questions and Answers
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes?
Viral capsids are made from subunits called?
Put the following in the correct order for DNA-virus replication: 1-Maturation; 2-DNA synthesis; 3-Transcription; 4-Translation?
Viroids cause disease in?
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The terms isometric, icosahedral and pleomorphic refer to?
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Host range is limited by?
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Viruses may only be grown?
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The core of every virus particle always contains?
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Prions affect the?
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The definition of lysogeny is?
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Viral nucleic acid types include?
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A lysogenic cell contains viral DNA, a prophage, integrated into the host chromosome.
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The groups of organisms that a virus may infect is known as its?
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When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called?
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Enveloped viruses?
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Viruses can integrate their DNA into host DNA.
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Viruses?
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All viruses must separate the nucleic acid from the capsid before replication.
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Viruses exhibit all the following except?
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Prions are?
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Study Notes
Viral Biology Concepts
- Reverse Transcriptase: Enzyme that synthesizes viral DNA from RNA.
- Capsomeres: Subunits that make up viral capsids, which protect the viral genetic material.
DNA-Virus Replication Process
- Steps of replication for DNA viruses:
- DNA synthesis occurs first, followed by transcription, translation, and finally maturation of the virus.
Viroids and Viral Shapes
- Viroids: Infectious agents that cause disease solely in plants.
- Viral Shapes: Classified terms include isometric, icosahedral, and pleomorphic, referring to the various structural forms of viruses.
Host Interaction and Growth Requirements
- Host Range: Determined by the type of host cell receptors present on the cell membrane, which dictates the virus's ability to infect.
- Viral Growth: Viruses can only replicate in living cells, distinguishing their growth needs from non-living chemical media.
Viral Composition and Infection
- Every virus particle contains either DNA or RNA but never both.
- Prions specifically affect the nervous system, leading to neurological diseases.
- Viruses demonstrate unique infection mechanisms, such as lysogeny, where phage DNA integrates into host cell DNA.
Characteristics of Viruses
- Viral nucleic acid can be categorized as double-stranded or single-stranded DNA/RNA.
- A lysogenic cell integrates viral DNA as a prophage into its chromosomal DNA.
- Enveloped viruses possess a lipid bilayer membrane embedded with proteins.
Key Properties and Classifications
- Viruses do not exhibit metabolism or cellular structure; they are ultramicroscopic and cannot be viewed with a light microscope.
- They require the separation of nucleic acid from the capsid before proceeding with replication.
Additional Concepts
- Lysogenic Conversion: Process by which a bacterium acquires new traits via its temperate phage.
- Prions: Defined as infectious proteins, distinct from classical viral agents, affecting host physiology without containing nucleic acids.
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Description
Explore essential concepts in viral biology, including the roles of reverse transcriptase and capsomeres. Learn about the replication process of DNA viruses, viroids, and the structural forms of viruses. Understand host interactions and the specific growth requirements of viruses.
