Violentization Theory and Mass Extermination

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Questions and Answers

List and define the four stages of violentization.

  1. Brutalization -violent subjugation, personal horrification, and violent coaching; 2. Defiance - coping mechanism for brutalization; 3. Dominance engagement - practical application of newfound violence; 4. Virulency - development of violent notoriety and social trepidation.

What are the three conditions necessary for mass extermination to occur?

  • Victims are dehumanized (correct)
  • Actions are unregulated
  • Actions are routinized (correct)
  • Violence is authorized (correct)

Why are religious killings not a good illustration of violentization theory?

Because religious killers often have not undergone the steps of violentization and may kill based on fervor and ideology.

What are the 10 Part 1 crimes in the Uniform Crime Report?

<ol> <li>Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter; 2. Rape; 3. Robbery; 4. Aggravated assault; 5. Burglary; 6. Larceny/theft; 7. Motor vehicle theft; 8. Arson; 9. Human trafficking-commercial sex acts; 10. Human trafficking-involuntary servitude.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dark figure of crime and why is it a weakness in some official measures of crime?

<p>The dark figure of crime refers to unreported crimes, which means crime statistics may not reflect actual crime reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the National Crime Victimization Survey improve upon the UCR?

<p>It captures unreported crime, reflects actual crime more accurately, and provides detailed information on victims, offenders, and incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of property crime according to the NCVS?

<p>Theft is the most common form of property crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify one factor that influences people's fear of crime.

<p>Media coverage of crime significantly influences fear of crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a strain that might contribute to people committing crimes.

<p>A person's inability to make money or achieve status may lead them to commit crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between classical and positivist theories of crime.

<p>Classical theory = Crime is a choice and occurs when benefits outweigh costs Positivist theory = Crime is determined by factors outside a person's nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Violent socialization stages

A process of individuals becoming violent criminals, typically through four stages: Brutalization, Defiance, Dominance Engagement, and Virulency.

Mass extermination conditions

Three key conditions for mass extermination: official authorization of violence, routinization of violence through established rules and defined roles, and systematic dehumanization of victims.

Part 1 crimes (UCR)

Serious crimes tracked by the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) program. Examples include murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and human trafficking.

Dark figure of crime

Unreported crimes, which means official crime statistics might not accurately reflect the true extent of criminal activity.

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NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)

A survey that gathers data directly from crime victims to get a broader understanding of crime than traditional police reports.

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Common property crime

Theft is the most frequently reported type of property crime according to the National Crime Victimization Survey.

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Fear of crime

Public perception of crime risk is often higher than the actual risk. Women tend to show a higher fear than men.

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Strain theory

Strains like financial issues or lack of social status can drive people towards criminal behavior.

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Classical theory

Criminal behavior is a result of individual choice.

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Positivist theory

Criminal behavior is influenced by external factors, beyond individual control.

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Study Notes

Violentization Theory

  • Violentization theory outlines a process through which individuals become violent criminals, consisting of four key stages.
  • Brutalization involves violent subjugation (coercion through violence), personal horrification (witnessing violence), and violent coaching (learning that violence is sometimes necessary).
  • Defiance serves as a coping mechanism where individuals adapt to their brutalization by adopting violent behaviors.
  • Dominance engagement reflects the practical application of newfound violence, resulting in serious harm inflicted on others.
  • Virulency marks the final phase, where individuals develop a reputation for violence and instill fear in their communities, leading to a resolve to become more aggressive if challenged.

Conditions for Mass Extermination

  • Three critical conditions facilitate mass extermination:
  • Violence must be authorized through official orders.
  • Actions are made routine via established rules and clearly defined roles.
  • Victims are subjected to dehumanization through systematic indoctrination.

Religious Killings and Violentization Theory

  • Religious killings are generally not indicative of violentization, as perpetrators might act out of ideological fervor rather than following the steps of violent socialization.

Part 1 Crimes in the UCR

  • The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is managed by the FBI, which collects data on serious crimes across the U.S., using a standardized definition for crime comparison.
  • Key Part 1 crimes include:
    • Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
    • Rape
    • Robbery
    • Aggravated assault
    • Burglary
    • Larceny/theft
    • Motor vehicle theft
    • Arson
    • Human trafficking (commercial sex acts)
    • Human trafficking (involuntary servitude)

Dark Figure of Crime

  • The dark figure of crime represents unreported crimes, leading to gaps in police reports and official crime statistics. This suggests official crime data may not accurately represent the true scope of crime.

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

  • The NCVS serves as a primary source of information on crime in the U.S., focusing on how frequently crime occurs and its characteristics.
  • It gathers data directly from crime victims, capturing incidents often overlooked by law enforcement, enhancing overall crime representation.

Common Property Crime

  • Theft ranks as the most prevalent form of property crime reported by the National Crime Victimization Survey.

Factors Influencing Fear of Crime

  • Public fear of crime often exceeds the actual risk of victimization, with women generally exhibiting greater fear than men.
  • Media coverage plays a significant role in shaping public fear, potentially exaggerating perceptions of crime prevalence.

Strain Contributing to Crime

  • Financial struggles and the inability to achieve social status can serve as strains that may lead individuals toward criminal behavior.

Classical vs. Positivist Theories

  • Classical theory posits that crime results from individual choice, weighing the benefits against potential costs.
  • Positivist theory argues that criminal behavior is influenced or determined by external factors beyond an individual's control.

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