Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms Overview
15 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What geographical feature served as the primary dividing line between the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms?

  • The Godavari River
  • The Tungabhadra River
  • The Krishna River (correct)
  • The Vindhya mountains

    • Which of the following best describes the territorial expansion of the Vijayanagara kingdom?

  • It primarily dominated the region between the Krishna and Godavari rivers and the Konkan coastline
  • It encompassed the area south of the Krishna River, from southern Andhra to Kanyakumari (correct)
  • It extended its influence up to the northern parts of Andhra Pradesh.
  • It controlled the entire Deccan region north of the Vindhyas.

    • What was a key reason for the frequent conflicts between the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms?

  • Territorial expansion into the northern regions
  • Disputes over trade routes along the Konkan coast
  • Control over the fertile Raichur doab and other strategic areas. (correct)
  • Religious differences

    • Who were the founders of the Vijayanagara kingdom and the initiators of the Sangama Dynasty?

    <p>Harihara and Bukka (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After the Sangama dynasty, which dynasty took over power in the Vijayanagara kingdom?

    <p>The Saluva dynasty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Vijayanagara kingdom was founded in ______ CE.

    <p>1336</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Bahmani Kingdom was located to the ______ of the river Krishna.

    <p>north</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fertile ______ doab was a frequent point of conflict between the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms.

    <p>Raichur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sangama, the Saluva, the Tuluva, and the Aravidu were the four successive ______ of the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

    <p>dynasties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harihara and Bukka were inspired by their guru, Acharya ______, to establish the Vijayanagara Kingdom.

    <p>Vidyaranya</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides the Raichur doab, name one other territory that the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms frequently fought over.

    <p>The Krishna-Godavari Delta or the Konkan coastline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial political affiliation of Harihara and Bukka before founding the Vijayanagara kingdom?

    <p>They were princes in the court of the Raja of Warangal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who deposed the last ruler of the Sangama dynasty, leading to the establishment of the Saluva dynasty?

    <p>Saluva Narasimhan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event led to Harihara and Bukka being sent to the Deccan, before they established the Vijayanagara kingdom?

    <p>They were captured and taken to Delhi by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'Vijayanagara', the name of the kingdom founded by Harihara and Bukka?

    <p>The city of victory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Vijayanagara and Bahmani Kingdoms

    • Several provinces of the Delhi Sultanate broke away to form independent kingdoms in the 14th century CE. Northern Indian kingdoms included Malwa, Mewar, Gujarat, Kashmir, Bengal, and Marwar. The Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms emerged in southern India and the Deccan.
    • Vijayanagara was founded in 1336 CE, and the Bahmani Kingdom in 1347 CE.
    • The Krishna River formed the boundary between the two kingdoms. Vijayanagara controlled the area south of the Krishna, stretching from southern Andhra Pradesh to Kanyakumari. Bahmani territory encompassed parts of Maharashtra, northern Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka, extending across most of the Deccan south of the Vindhyas.
    • Despite being largely free from northern attacks, the kingdoms constantly fought each other for control of strategically important regions, including the Raichur Doab, the Krishna-Godavari Delta, and the Konkan coastline. These regions were rich in resources and trade routes.

    Vijayanagara Kingdom

    • The kingdom comprised four dynasties: Sangama, Saluva, Tuluva, and Aravidu.

    • Sangama Dynasty (1336-1485 CE): Harihara and Bukka, inspired by Acharya Vidyaranya, founded Vijayanagara. Originally princes in Warangal, they were captured by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and taken to Delhi, later escaping and establishing a kingdom which became a significant cultural center.

    • Saluva Dynasty (brief): Saluva Narasimhan deposed the last Sangama ruler and established a dynasty lasting approximately 18 years.

    • Tuluva Dynasty (1503 CE onwards): Krishnadeva Raya (1509-1529 CE) was the kingdom's most important ruler, significantly expanding the kingdom. He conquered Bahmani rulers, secured the Raichur Doab. His conquests extended to Mysore and Vishakhapatnam, and he defeated Raja Prataprudra of Orissa. Krishnadeva Raya fostered diplomatic relations with the Portuguese, promoting trade in horses and establishing friendly relations.

    • Krishnadeva Raya's Reign: Marked by military successes, diplomatic prowess (establishing relations with the Portuguese, fostering horse trade), and cultural patronage (promoting Telugu literature, supporting "ashtadiggajas" – including Manu Charita – and Tamil/Kannada poets). The city of Vijayanagara grew vast, reaching a size described by Domingo Paes as comparable to Rome, encompassing ~95 km and seven walls. He was a devout Vaishnava but fostered religious tolerance, exemplified by the Vitthala Temple at Hampi. The kingdom experienced immense economic prosperity through trade in luxury goods, agricultural products, and spices with imports including horses, silk, and elephants. The village held the smallest administrative unit while six provinces, each with a "naik," reported to the king. Various travellers noted the kingdom's prosperity and cosmopolitan nature.

    • Decline: The kingdom suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Talikota in 1565 CE, leading to its destruction.

    Bahmani Kingdom

    • Founded by Hasan Gangu who proclaimed himself Alauddin Bahman Shah in 1347 CE, rebelling against the Delhi Sultanate.
    • Muhammad Shah I (1358-1375 CE): Conflicts with Vijayanagara began, involving attacks and plundering of Vijayanagara's capital. Although attacks occurred, little territory was permanently held and temporary peace was reached. He also captured Golconda from the Raja of Warangal.
    • Firuz Shah Bahmani (1397-1422 CE): Notable successes against Vijayanagara, including marrying a Vijayanagara princess and annexing the Raichur Doab (between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers) in 1398 CE. He employed talented Hindu individuals in government roles.
    • Further conflicts with Vijayanagara, with Sultan Ahmad Shah I notably defeating and plundering Vijayanagara.
    • Mahmud Gawan (minister): Under Muhammad Shah III (1463-1482 CE), محمود غواین achieved significant success in solidifying the kingdom. He secured frontiers, challenged Vijayanagara, strengthened administration, bringing glory to Bidar. He established educational institutions (madrasas), supported scholarships, and was a skilled general, recapturing Goa from Vijayanagara. His unpopularity with local nobles, however, led to his execution.
    • Following Gawan's death, the Bahmani kingdom fractured into five independent kingdoms (Ahmadnagar, Bijapur, Golconda, Berar, and Bidar) by 1538 CE.
    • The Bahmani kingdom, despite its longevity (nearly 200 years), was marked by constant warfare with not only Vijayanagara but also the Delhi, Malwa, and Gujarat kingdoms, as well as internal strife. Accounts mention contrasts in wealth between nobles and villagers.
    • The Bahmani kings constructed palaces, forts, tombs, and mosques exhibiting both Iranian and Indian architectural elements. Numerous forts were built.
    • The kingdom was divided into provinces called "tarafs" governed by "tarafdars". Noble salaries were often paid through land grants or cash. The caste system persisted with Hindu groups, but Muslim rulers allowed religious practices not threatening their authority.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the rise of the Vijayanagara and Bahmani kingdoms in South India during the 14th century. This quiz covers their founding dates, geographical boundaries, and the conflicts that arose between them. Test your knowledge on this fascinating period of Indian history!

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser