VFR Navigation Test Flashcards

VFR Navigation Test Flashcards - Study Notes

• NAVAID Location:

  • An open dot on an airport symbol indicates the location of a NAVAID supporting the airfield.

• Airport Services:

  • Tick marks around an airport symbol indicate available services.

• Class B Airspace VFR Weather Minimums:

  • 3SM visibility
  • 1000 ft above
  • 500 ft below
  • 2000 ft horizontal

• Class C Airspace VFR Weather Minimums:

  • Same minimums as Class B.

• Class D Airspace VFR Weather Minimums:

  • Same minimums as Class B and C.

• Class E Airspace (Below 10,000 ft MSL) VFR Weather Minimums:

  • 3SM visibility
  • 1000 ft above
  • 500 ft below
  • 2000 ft horizontal

• Class E Airspace (Above 10,000 ft MSL) VFR Weather Minimums:

  • 5SM visibility
  • 1000 ft above
  • 1000 ft below
  • 1SM horizontal

• Class G Airspace (1,200 ft or Less AGL) VFR Weather Minimums:

  • Day: 1/2 SM visibility, clear of clouds
  • Night: 1 SM visibility, clear of clouds

• Class G Airspace (Above 1,200 ft AGL, Below 10,000 ft MSL) VFR Weather Minimums:

  • Day: 1 SM visibility, 1000 ft above, 500 ft below, 2000 ft horizontal
  • Night: 3 SM visibility, 1000 ft above, 500 ft below, 2000 ft horizontal

• Class G Airspace (Above 10,000 ft MSL) VFR Weather Minimums:

  • Day and Night: 5SM visibility, 1000 ft above, 1000 ft below, 1SM horizontal

• Oxygen Requirements:

  • 1 hour at 10,000 ft without supplemental oxygen.
  • 30 minutes at 12,000 ft without supplemental oxygen.
  • Oxygen required for all flights at 14,000 ft and above.

• Airport Symbols:

  • Open star (with circle): Rotating airport beacon in operation (sunset to sunrise).
  • Blue: Airports with control towers.
  • Magenta: Airports without control towers.

• Class A Airspace:

  • 18,000 ft MSL to FL600 (60,000 ft).
  • Overlying waters within 12 NM of the 48 contiguous states and Alaska.
  • IFR required.

• Class B Airspace:

  • Depicted as an upside-down 3-tiered cake (3 blue concentric circles).
  • Lateral and vertical dimensions vary, detailed on chart.
  • Radio communications, ATC clearance and Mode-S transponder mandatory

• Class B Airspace "Mode C Veil":

  • 30 nautical miles outside Class B airports, requires Mode C or S transponder to enter.

• Class B Airport Equipment:

  • Every Class B airport has a Terminal Area Chart (TAC).

• TAC Scale: 1:250,000 scale to show detail.

• Class C Airspace:

  • Depicted by two magenta concentric circles.

• Class C Lateral Dimensions:

  • Core Surface: 5NM radius.
  • Shelf Area: 10NM radius.

• Class C Vertical Dimensions:

  • Core: Surface to 4,000 ft above airport elevation.
  • Shelf: 1,200 ft AGL to 4,000 ft above airport elevation.

• Class C Operating Requirements:

  • Two-way radio communication prior to and during operation.
  • Mode-S transponder with ADS-B required within and above 10,000 ft MSL.

• Class C Communications:

  • Begin communication 20 NM out

• Class D Airspace:

  • Depicted by blue segmented lines tailored to each airspace. Usually from surface to 2500 ft AGL.
  • Two-way radio communication is required prior to and during operation.
  • Mode C Transponder required

• Class E Airspace:

  • Depicted with magenta dashed lines or vignettes, varying dimensions dependant on map.
  • No operating requirements for below 10000' MSL
  • Mode-S transponder with ADS-B required above 10,000 ft MSL.

• Magenta Segmented Line: Indicates Class E airspace beginning at 700 ft AGL.

• Magenta Vignette: Class E Airspace begins at an airport without a tower.

• Blue Vignette: Class E airspace beginning above 1200 feet AGL.

• Class G Airspace: Generally no restrictions, uncontrolled airspace outside controlled areas.

• Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA): Areas where pilots can receive additional radar services. Pilots are encouraged, not required, to participate. Depicted by solid black/grey concentric lines.

• MOA Participation: Contact radar approach control or controlling agency to use TRSA services.

• Restricted Area: Special use airspace. Denotes invisible flight hazards (aerial gunnery, etc.). Advance permission required.

• Restricted Area Depiction: Blue feathered lines with "R" and number designator.

• Warning Area: Special use airspace. Airspace within 3NM of coastline. Activities may be hazardous for other aircraft.

• Warning Area Depiction: Blue feathered lines with "W" & number designator.

• Prohibited Area: Special use airspace. Established for national security. Aircraft prohibited from entering.

• Prohibited Area Depiction: Blue feathered lines with "P" & number designator.

• Alert Area: Special use airspace. High-volume pilot training or unusual activity. No restrictions on through flight.

• Alert Area Depiction: Magenta feathered lines with "A" & number designator.

• Military Operations Areas (MOAs): Special use airspace for separating military training from IFR traffic.

• MOA Depiction: Magenta feathered lines with "MOA" & number designator.

• Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ): Airspace for identification & control of aircraft for national security.

• ADIZ Depiction: Solid magenta line and dots with "Air Defense Identification Zone". VFR aircraft must be on a DVFR flight plan.

• Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR): Temporary flight restrictions imposed by the FAA, disseminated by NOTAM.

• TFR Dimensions: Usually 2,000 ft AGL, 3 NM radius.

• TFR Reasons: Disaster relief, public safety, sightseeing aircraft, government heads

• Course Plotting Tick Marks: Every 10NM (Placement) every 20 NM (Label); Every 15 NM (Visual Checkpoints)

• Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF): Large and small blue numbers in 30′ quadrangles, MSL.

• National Park Altitude: 2,000 ft AGL.

• Oxygen at 12,500 ft PA: No (altitude below 14,000 ft).

• Rotary-Wing Reserve Fuel: 20 minutes at cruise.

• Destination Weather Validity: 1 hour after estimated time of arrival (ETA).

• Special VFR (SVR) Minimums: 1/2 SM visibility, clear of clouds (unless higher required).

• Weather Forecast Void Time: 1 hour 30 minutes.

• Controlled Airspace VR Minimum Weather: 1000 ft ceiling, 3 SM visibility.

• Cruising Altitude Rule Commencement: Above 3,000 ft AGL.

• VR Flight Altitudes (Eastern): Odd +500

• VR Flight Altitudes (Western): Even +500.

• CTA Frequencies: Begin monitoring and communicating 10 NM from non-towered airport.

• Restricted Area VFR Entry: Authorized by the controlling agency.

• Warning Area Purpose: Alerts non-participating pilots of potential hazards.

• MOA Procedures: Contact an FSS within 100 miles to obtain updated operation hours, and contact controlling agency.

• Alert Area Purpose: Informs pilots of high-volume training or unusual activity.

• TFR Awareness: Check NOTAMS.

• Disaster Relief TFR: Yes

• Class G Floor departing Brewton: 1200 ft AGL.

• Special VFR Clearance: Required for deteriorating weather (700 ft ceiling with 1/2 SM visibility).

• Isogonic Lines: Lines connecting points of equal magnetic variation.

• True Course (TC): Angle from true North to flight plan (clockwise).

• Ground Speed (GS): Aircraft speed over the ground.

• Agonic Line: Line connecting points of zero degrees magnetic variation.

• Magnetic North: Angle from magnetic North to aircraft nose (clockwise).

• True Airspeed (TAS): Calibrated airspeed, corrected for density altitude and temperature.

• Drift Correction (DC): Correction applied to avoid drifting off course.

• Variation (VAR): Difference between true and magnetic north.

• Track (TR): Actual ground path, clockwise from True North.

• Calibrated Airspeed (CAS): Corrected indicated airspeed for instrument errors.

• True Heading (TH): Angle from True North to aircraft nose (clockwise).

• Wind and Heading Effect (010 deg): Wind from 210 deg causes right drift, faster ground speed than TAS.

• Speed Affected by Wind: Ground Speed (GS).

• Drift Angle Calculation: Difference between True Heading (TH) and Track (TR).

• Airport Runway Depiction (Circles): Hard surfaced runways; 1,500-8,069 ft long.

• Airport Runway Depiction (Non-Circles): Hard surfaced runways > 8,069 ft, or multiple runways < 8,069 ft.

• Airport Dotted Open Symbol: Indicates the location of airfield NAVAID.

• Heliport Depiction: H with a circle around it (magenta) on the map.

• Unverified Airport Depiction: U with a circle around it (magenta) on the map.

• Abandoned Airport Depiction: X with a circle around it (magenta) on the map.

• Ultralight Flight Park Depiction: F with a circle around it (magenta) on the map.