Veterinary Medicine: Carcass Pathological Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is fever classified as according to the presence or non presence of an infection?

  • Infectious and non-infectious
  • Septic and aseptic (correct)
  • Viral and bacterial
  • Acute and chronic

    • What is a common cause of aseptic fever?

  • Fungal infections
  • Bacterial toxins
  • Tissue necrosis due to trauma (correct)
  • Viral infections

    • What is a characteristic antemortem finding of fever?

  • Rigor mortis
  • Emaciation
  • Elevated body temperature (correct)
  • Putrefaction

    • What is a postmortem finding that may be associated with fever?

    <p>Congestion of subcutaneous blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the judgement on a carcass with fever syndrome and presence of bacteria or bacterial toxins?

    <p>The carcass is condemned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cachexia?

    <p>A chronic debilitating condition or general physical wasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of emaciation?

    <p>Loss of appetite, starvation, and cachexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a postmortem finding associated with emaciation?

    <p>Moist and glossy organs and muscular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the swelling associated with edema?

    <p>Obstruction of the venous outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may be associated with low protein levels in the blood?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Ascites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of edematous tissue upon touch?

    <p>Cool and doughy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the postmortem finding of edematous tissue?

    <p>Wet, sloppy musculature which pits on pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of knowing the underlying cause of edema when making a judgement of a carcass?

    <p>It affects the condemation of the carcass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of finding localized edema in a carcass?

    <p>The affected area is removed and the carcass is approved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for edema of the subcutaneous tissues?

    <p>Anasarca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for condemning a carcass with edema associated with diseased conditions?

    <p>The primary diseased condition itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the positive diagnosis of septicemia based on?

    <p>Isolation of the causative organism from the blood stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ante-mortem finding in animals with septicemia?

    <p>Congestion or petechial haemorrhages of conjunctivae, mouth and vulvar mucosae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a post-mortem finding in animals with septicemia?

    <p>Inadequately bled-out carcass as a result of high fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause edema in the mesentery?

    <p>Circulation interference in the caudal vena cava due to liver abscess or chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a carcass with edema observed in the mesentery?

    <p>It is held in the cooler for re-examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of septicemia?

    <p>The temperature can be elevated, normal or subnormal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be present in addition to other lesions in septicemia?

    <p>Anaemia and icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between septicemia and toxaemia?

    <p>Toxaemia is characterized by the presence of bacterial toxins in the blood stream, while septicemia is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of an animal affected with toxaemia?

    <p>Normal or subnormal temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a postmortem finding that may be associated with toxaemia?

    <p>Emphysema in cattle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a condition that is frequently associated with toxaemia?

    <p>Gangrenous mastitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the judgement on a carcass with evidence of toxaemia?

    <p>The carcass and the viscera should be condemned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an animal affected with toxaemia?

    <p>Abnormal changes in locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a postmortem finding that may be associated with septicemia?

    <p>Haemorrhage in organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action to be taken after inspecting a carcass with evidence of toxaemia?

    <p>The implements used during inspection and the hands and arms of the inspector should be washed and disinfected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emaciation often associated with?

    <p>Chronic diseases and parasitic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between emaciation and thinness?

    <p>Emaciation is a postmortem term, while thinness is an antemortem term</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common antemortem finding in animals with emaciation?

    <p>Wrinkled, dry leathery skin and a rough hair coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of fat in the carcass of an emaciated animal?

    <p>It is watery and translucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may develop in emaciated animals due to starvation and malnutrition?

    <p>Edema and anaemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should animals with emaciation be treated during antemortem inspection?

    <p>They should be treated as suspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of non-inflammatory edema?

    <p>It is an accumulation of fluid in the intercellular tissue compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of holding the carcass in a refrigerated room for 24-48 hours?

    <p>To assess the general setting of the carcass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carcass Pathological Disorders

    Fever (Pyrexia)

    • Fever is an abnormal elevated body temperature, classified into septic and aseptic fever based on the presence or absence of infection.
    • Septic fever is caused by viruses, bacteria, bacterial toxins, protozoa, and fungi.
    • Aseptic fever is caused by tissue necrosis, muscle degradation, chemicals, surgery, or drugs.

    Antemortem Findings of Fever

    • Chills and sweating
    • Dehydration
    • Elevated body temperature
    • Increased pulse and respiration
    • Depression and dullness
    • Anorexia and constipation
    • Diarrhea and vomiting (in septic fever)
    • Urinous odor of breath (in septic fever)
    • Shock, convulsions, and coma (in septic fever)

    Postmortem Findings of Fever

    • Rigor mortis
    • Putrefaction
    • Congestion of subcutaneous blood vessels and carcass
    • Enlarged lymph nodes

    Judgement of Fever

    • Carcass is condemned if fever syndrome is associated with the presence of bacteria or bacterial toxins in the blood and/or findings of drugs and antimicrobial substances.

    Emaciation

    • Emaciation is a common condition of food animals characterized by a loss of fat and flesh following loss of appetite, starvation, and cachexia.
    • Cachexia is a clinical term for a chronic debilitating condition or general physical wasting caused by chronic disease.
    • Emaciation may be associated with chronic diseases and parasitic conditions.

    Antemortem Findings of Emaciation

    • Wrinkled, dry leathery skin
    • Rough hair coat
    • Prominent bones and sunken eyes

    Postmortem Findings of Emaciation

    • Serious atrophy of fat in the carcass and organs
    • Fat is watery, translucent, or jelly-like substance
    • Edema and anemia may develop due to starvation and malnutrition

    Judgement of Emaciation

    • Animals affected with emaciation should be treated as "suspects" on antemortem inspection.
    • On postmortem examination, it is essential to assess and differentiate emaciation from leanness.
    • If the carcass is of acceptable quality, it may be passed for food; otherwise, it is condemned.

    Edema

    • Edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in the intercellular tissue compartments, including body cavities.
    • There are two types of edema: inflammatory (exudate) and non-inflammatory (transudate).

    Antemortem Findings of Edema

    • Depressed and drowsy
    • Swelling of the mandible, dewlap, legs, shoulder, brisket, and abdomen
    • Edematous tissue is cool upon touch and is of a firm, doughy consistency

    Postmortem Findings of Edema

    • Wet, sloppy musculature which pits on pressure
    • Accumulation of clear or faint yellow fluid in the thorax, abdomen, and subcutaneous tissue

    Judgement of Edema

    • Animals affected with generalized edema may be condemned on antemortem inspection.
    • In less severe, non-generalized cases, animals are treated as "suspects".
    • The presence of localized edema necessitates removal of the affected area.
    • The carcass is then approved or partially condemned depending on the extent and cause of the condition.

    Septicemia

    • Septicemia is a morbid condition caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their associated toxins in the blood.
    • Positive diagnosis of septicemia can only be made by isolation of the causative organism from the bloodstream.

    Antemortem Findings of Septicemia

    • Depression
    • Changes in body temperature
    • Difficult and rapid breathing
    • Shivering and muscle tremors
    • Congestion or petechial hemorrhages of conjunctivae, mouth, and vulvar mucosae

    Postmortem Findings of Septicemia

    • Enlarged edematous or hemorrhagic lymph nodes
    • Congestion and petechial or ecchymotic hemorrhages in kidney, heart surface, mucous, and serous membranes
    • Splenomegaly
    • Inadequately bled-out carcass as a result of high fever
    • Blood-stained serous exudate in abdominal and/or thoracic cavities
    • Anemia and icterus may also be present

    Septicemia Judgement

    • If one significant lesion is present, such as generalized acute lymphadenitis, the carcass must be condemned.

    Toxaemia

    • Toxaemia is defined as a medical condition characterized by the presence of bacterial toxins in the bloodstream.
    • Clinical signs and postmortem findings are similar to those of septicemia.

    Antemortem Findings of Toxaemia

    • Normal or subnormal temperature
    • Fever may be present if toxaemia is due to microorganisms
    • Confusion and convulsions
    • Abnormal changes in locomotion
    • Moribund animal or evidence of pain
    • Dehydration may also be present

    Postmortem Findings of Toxaemia

    • Haemorrhage in organs
    • Normal or enlarged and edematous lymph nodes
    • Areas of tissue necrosis
    • Emphysema in cattle
    • Rarely, degenerative changes of parenchymatous organs (heart, liver, and kidneys)

    Toxaemia Judgement

    • If there is evidence of septicemia or toxaemia, the carcass and the viscera should be condemned.
    • Primary lesions causing septicemia or toxaemia, including metritis, mastitis, pericarditis, enteritis, and others, should be observed and recorded as causes of condemnation.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the topic of carcass pathological disorders, specifically focusing on fever and its classification into septic and aseptic types.

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