Finding and appraising evidence

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Questions and Answers

What is considered the highest level of evidence in veterinary medicine?

Case reports
Expert opinion
Meta-analysis (correct)
Textbooks

What is a key characteristic of a peer-reviewed journal?

Articles are reviewed by one person before publication
Articles undergo evaluation by multiple experts in the same field (correct)
Articles are accepted based on popularity rather than scientific rigor
Authors can publish without external review

Which of the following is NOT a peer-reviewed source?

Systematic reviews
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
Predatory journals (correct)
Case-control studies

What does each letter in the PICO system stand for?

Patient: population and/or problem, I – Intervention: treatment, prognostic factor or exposure, Comparator: comparison or control, O – Outcome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct PICO question format for evaluating a renal diet in cats with chronic kidney disease?

In [cats with kidney disease], does [a renal prescription diet] compared with [no special diet] affect [survival time]? (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary source of veterinary information?

Clinical trials (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of textbooks as a source of veterinary evidence?

They become outdated quickly (C) Signup and view all the answers

Grey literature refers to:

Non-published, informal research sources (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a predatory journal?

It charges authors to publish without genuine editorial oversight (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are predatory journals problematic for evidence-based medicine?

They only publish scope reviews (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AND Boolean operator?

Retrieves only results that contain both of the search terms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which Boolean operator should be used to exclude unwanted search terms?

NOT (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to critically appraise evidence in veterinary medicine?

Not all studies are of equal quality or reliability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the GRADE classification used for in evidence-based medicine?

Assessing the quality and confidence in scientific evidence (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary source in veterinary research?

Clinical trials (A) Signup and view all the answers

Identify what else is considered a primary source in veterinary research.

Journal articles, reports or conference papers that describe: research studies, clinical trials, case studies and case reports Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of secondary sources in veterinary research?

They summarize or analyze findings from primary sources (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of grey literature?

Government reports and dissertations (B) Signup and view all the answers

Identify other examples of Grey literature sources.

Lecture notes, reports and working papers, websites, blogs, social media posts and theses and dissertations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of using journal articles as an information source?

They can be retracted or corrected after publication (B) Signup and view all the answers

Identify the other limitations of journals and articles.

They’re open access or no open access, online or paper, can’t be outdated as soon as published, have retracted articles and have post-publication corrections Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of predatory journals?

To make a profit. Signup and view all the answers

How would you describe predatory journals quality of evidence?

It’s fraudulent and deceptive as they claim to be legitimate scholarly journals but misrepresent their publishing practices Signup and view all the answers

Books are considered peer reviewed

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are books not considered peer-reviewed sources?

They are reviewed by a single editor rather than multiple experts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of books as sources of veterinary medical information?

They may become outdated soon after publication (A) Signup and view all the answers

A non-expert can write a book

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

The solidity of journals depends on and

Study designs and statistics Signup and view all the answers

A DVM is an expert in __________

Veterinary medicine Signup and view all the answers

A board certification means you are an expert ___________

Amount DVM in a specialty Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a bibliographic database used for veterinary medicine?

PubMed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of citation searching in research?

To find newer research that cites an original study (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of appraising evidence in veterinary medicine?

To evaluate the quality, validity, and relevance of research before applying it to clinical practice (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the strongest type of evidence when appraising veterinary literature?

Meta-analyses of multiple RCTs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of using conference presentations as a source of veterinary evidence?

They may present preliminary data that has not undergone rigorous peer review (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Meta-analysis

Combines results from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive conclusion.

Peer-reviewed journal

Articles are reviewed by experts in the field before publication.