Veterinary Entomology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a larvicide that interferes with natural growth hormones in mosquito larvae?

  • Methoprene (correct)
  • Paris green
  • DEET
  • Synthetic pyrethroids

Which of the following arthropod families is associated with myiasis?

  • Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Ixodes
  • Argas, Ornithodoros, Otobius
  • Calliphora, Lucilia, Chrysomya (correct)
  • Haematopinus, Linognathus, Trichodectes

What is the main purpose of using pyrethroids in mosquito control?

  • To promote insect growth
  • To create a breeding ground for larvae
  • To kill adult mosquitoes on contact (correct)
  • To enhance crop growth

Which compound is commonly mixed with pyrethroids to enhance their effectiveness?

<p>Piperonyl butoxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines the Phylum Arthropoda?

<p>Segmented bodies and jointed legs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is classified as a hard tick?

<p>Hyalomma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of DEET makes it an effective mosquito repellent?

<p>It provides protection against multiple biting insects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions is spraying insecticides not recommended?

<p>In fresh water sources (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of veterinary entomology and acarology?

<p>Investigation of insecticide resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arthropod is not a vector for diseases affecting animals?

<p>Demodex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifespan for the entire lifecycle of the haematophagous species discussed?

<p>7 to 12 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct effect of blood-sucking flies on their hosts?

<p>Anaemia in young animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disease transmitted mechanically by Musca?

<p>Malaria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diseases can Musca act as a mechanical vector for?

<p>Bacterial, viral, and protozoan diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vomit drops in the feeding method of the species discussed?

<p>To make solid foods fluid for suction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an intermediate host for certain parasitic species mentioned?

<p>Musca (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is specifically mentioned as being mechanically transmitted by Musca?

<p>Rinderpest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT mechanically transmitted by Musca?

<p>Fungal infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary symptoms observed in sheep affected by nasal flies?

<p>Frequent sneezing and nasal discharge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential treatment for sheep affected by nasal flies?

<p>Rafoxanide drench (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition can arise if second stage larvae from nasal flies move towards the brain?

<p>False gid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the nasal region of affected sheep described as having a dirty appearance?

<p>Due to secretion of mucous exudates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can sheep be effectively controlled from nasal fly infestations?

<p>Feeding from narrow troughs smeared in tar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication that can occur if larvae are deposited on humans?

<p>Ocular abrasions and irritation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does tobacco powder play in treating sheep affected by nasal flies?

<p>It induces sneezing to remove larvae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for Hypoderma bovis?

<p>Northern Cattle grub (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the eggs produced by female fleas?

<p>They can be sticky or dry depending on species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many larval stages do fleas undergo before pupation?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers a pupa to emerge from its cocoon?

<p>The bark of a dog or footfall of a host. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following morphological characters is NOT associated with Ctenocephalides species?

<p>Lack of thoracic development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of feeding behavior do flea larvae exhibit?

<p>They are semipredatory and can attack adults. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what environment do flea eggs typically fall after being produced?

<p>On bedding or floors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which flea species is known as the human flea?

<p>Pulex irritans. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main size range for flea larvae?

<p>4-10 mm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the warble stage of infection in cattle?

<p>30 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic leads to the production of greenish yellow tracts in infected cattle due to larvae?

<p>Migration of second and third stage larvae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes gadding in cattle affected by ox warble flies?

<p>Persistent buzzing noise of the adult fly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can result from larval entry through the skin in cattle?

<p>Myiasis-Cutaneous myiasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the first and second stage larvae being present in the oesophageal region of cattle?

<p>Stenosis of the oesophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection can occur as a result of the larvae migrating through the host's tissues?

<p>Bacterial infection and abscess formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk is associated with the accidental rupture of warbles in infected cattle?

<p>Anaphylactic shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended effective insecticide for controlling ox warble flies?

<p>Ivermectin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of beef can be affected by the presence of larvae in cattle?

<p>The affected beef is called ‘licked beef’ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a typical effect of adult ox warble flies on cattle?

<p>Increased feed intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Phylum Arthropoda

A diverse phylum of animals characterized by jointed appendages and an exoskeleton.

Veterinary Entomology and Acarology

The study of insects and acarines that cause disease or act as vectors in animals.

Life Cycle of Arthropods

The process by which insects and acarines develop from egg to adult, often involving several stages.

Vector

An organism that transmits a disease from one host to another.

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Bionomics

The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment, including factors like habitat, food sources, and predators.

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Sterile Insect Technique (SIT)

A method to control mosquito populations where male mosquitoes are raised in a lab, sterilized, then released into the wild to mate with females and produce sterile offspring.

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Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs)

These chemicals are used to kill mosquito larvae. They interfere with the larvae's natural growth hormones, preventing them from becoming adults.

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Pyrethroids

A common insecticide used in mosquito control that effectively kills adults on contact.

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Synergist

A compound that increases the effectiveness of an insecticide by enhancing its action.

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Nilavembu Kudineer (Siddha Medicine)

This traditional Indian medicine, also called Nilavembu Kashayam, is believed to boost the immune system and help prevent and manage viral infections, including dengue fever and chikungunya.

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Housefly lifecycle duration

The complete life cycle of the housefly takes place within 7 to 12 days.

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Housefly feeding habits and myiasis

Houseflies are attracted to wounds and decaying matter, contributing to the spread of diseases. They can also cause myiasis, a condition where fly larvae infest living tissue.

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Housefly synanthropic nature

Houseflies are synanthropic, meaning they live in close association with humans, and act as vectors for various diseases.

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Housefly vectors for diseases

Houseflies can transmit bacterial diseases like cholera, typhoid, and anthrax, as well as viral diseases like poliomyelitis and infectious hepatitis.

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Housefly role in parasite transmission

Houseflies play a role in the transmission of parasites like the roundworm Habronema majus.

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Housefly mechanical parasite transmission

Houseflies can transmit the eggs of various parasites, including Taenia solium and Toxocara sp, through mechanical transmission.

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Housefly method of feeding

Houseflies can liquefy solid foods like sugars by ejecting saliva and crop fluid, creating vomit drops, which play a role in disease transmission.

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Housefly feeding effects on animals

The bite of houseflies can be painful, and their feeding habits can lead to anemia in young animals.

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First stage sheep nasal fly larva

A type of sheep nasal fly larva that causes irritation and inflammation in the nasal passages, leading to sneezing and a 'snotty nose' condition.

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False gid or sturdy

A condition in sheep caused by sheep nasal fly larvae migrating into the brain, mimicking symptoms of "gid" caused by Coenurus cerebralis.

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Second stage sheep nasal fly larva

A sheep nasal fly larva progressing to the second stage, potentially migrating to the brain from the frontal and maxillary sinuses.

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Northern Cattle Grub

A common name for Hypoderma bovis, a type of cattle grub whose larvae burrow under the skin.

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Rafoxanide Treatment

A treatment method for sheep nasal fly infection, involving administering the drug Rafoxanide orally at a specific dosage.

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Ivermectin Treatment

A treatment method for sheep nasal fly infection that uses Ivermectin injected subcutaneously.

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Closental Treatment

A treatment method for sheep nasal fly infection, involving administering the drug Closental orally.

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HCH in oil treatment

A method used for treating sheep nasal fly infection, where oil containing HCH is instilled into the nostrils to remove larvae.

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Flea Egg

The flea egg is a large, pearly white, and oval structure that's produced by the female flea after feeding on blood.

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Flea Larva

The larval stage of a flea involves three distinct stages, where the larvae develop into a worm-like form with head and body segments.

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Flea Pupa

The pupa stage of a flea is characterized by the formation of a cocoon, where the larva transforms into a pupa. This stage is crucial for the flea to survive and wait for the right moment to emerge as an adult.

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Hatching Spine

The first stage larvae of a flea emerge from the egg using a hatching spine or egg tooth.

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Mastigatory Mouthparts

A type of mouthpart found in flea larvae, allowing them to feed on organic matter and undigested blood.

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Ctenocephalides

Ctenocephalides are a genus of fleas that are commonly called the

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Genal Combs

The genal combs are anatomical features found on the head of a flea, specifically on the cheeks.

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Pronotal Combs

The pronotal combs are anatomical features found on the thorax of a flea, present in the genus Ctenocephalides.

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Warbles

Swellings on cattle skin caused by the larval stage of the ox warble fly.

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Warble Stage

The stage where the ox warble fly larva is fully grown and lives inside a swelling under the skin.

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Pupation

The stage where the ox warble fly larva falls off the host and transforms into a pupa.

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Gadding

The characteristic behavior of cattle when being harassed by adult ox warble flies.

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Effects of Adult Ox Warble Fly

The harmful effects of the ox warble fly's adult stage on cattle.

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Effects of Ox Warble Fly Larvae

The harmful effects of the ox warble fly's larval stage on cattle.

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Cutaneous Myiasis

The condition where multiple larvae enter the same skin opening, causing an exudate and prone to infection.

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Butchers Jelly

The green-yellow tracks left by migrating ox warble fly larva.

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Stenosis of the Esophagus

The condition where the ox warble fly larvae enters the esophagus, causing narrowing.

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Mechanical Removal of Larvae

The process of manually removing ox warble fly larvae from cattle.

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Study Notes

Arthropods of Veterinary Importance

  • Arthropods are a group of invertebrates, including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.
  • They are significant vectors for various animal diseases.
  • Morphological features, general bionomics, life cycle, and vector potential of various arthropods impacting animals and birds are essential to study.
  • Some of the arthropods studied include bugs (e.g., Cimex), biting midges, black flies, sandflies, mosquitoes, horse flies, warbles, stomach bots, nasal bots, bottle flies, lice, fleas, arachnids (ticks, mites), and mites.
  • Understanding their life cycles and control measures is crucial in veterinary practice.
  • Insecticide and acaricide resistance are important considerations.

Phylum Arthropoda

  • Arthropoda is a Greek word meaning "joint" (arthros) and "leg" (podos).
  • Arthropods' defining characteristic is the presence of jointed appendages.
  • Further characteristics include Bilateral symmetry, segmented body, chitinous exoskeleton, jointed legs, and a haemocoel.

External Anatomy of Insects

  • The insect body is divided into three segments: head, thorax, and abdomen.
  • The head bears antennae, eyes, and various mouthparts.
  • The thorax bears three pairs of legs used for locomotion.
  • The abdomen is the posteriormost segment.
  • Wings are an optional feature.

Mouthparts

  • Various types of mouthparts exist among insects, each adapted for a specific feeding strategy.
  • These can be Prognathous, Hypognathous, or Opisthognathous.
  • Specific mouthparts types are found in insect species; these are important to know in veterinary practice.

Antennae

  • Antennae are sensory structures in insects, varying in shape and structure, reflecting different species.
  • There are different types of antennae.
  • These antennae aid in various functions (smelling, hearing, feeling)

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