Veterinary Anatomy: Joints and Ligaments
45 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which bones form the temporomandibular joint?

  • Frontal bone and nasal bone
  • Zygomatic arch and palatine bone
  • Squamous part of the skull and condylar process of the mandible (correct)
  • Maxilla and mandible

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint classified as?

  • Composite joint
  • Fibrous joint
  • Synovial joint
  • Simple joint (correct)

Which ligament is found in the atlanto-axial joint?

  • Ligamentum laterale
  • Ligamentum caudale
  • Ligamentum transversum atlantis
  • Ligamentum atlantoaxiale dorsale (correct)

Which type of joint is formed between adjacent vertebrae?

<p>Simple joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cartilages in the symphysis intervertebralis?

<p>Provide shock absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the ligaments in large animals regarding the temporomandibular joint?

<p>They have two ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is only present in dogs and pigs within the atlanto-axial joint?

<p>Ligamentum transversum atlantis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are classified as long ligaments in the vertebral column?

<p>Both B and C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the nuchal ligament in large animals?

<p>It has both funiculus nuchae and lamina nuchae. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the caput costae and the thoracic vertebrae?

<p>Ligamentum capitis costae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are associated with the elbow joint?

<p>Ligamentum collaterale laterale and ligamentum collaterale mediale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the type of shoulder joint in birds?

<p>Articulatio coraco-scapulo humeralis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the elbow joint classified as?

<p>Composite and uniaxial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component is absent in the nuchal ligament of small animals like pigs and cats?

<p>Both funiculus and lamina (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nuchal ligament?

<p>Supporting head weight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is found between the radius and ulna in carnivores?

<p>Ligamentum olecrani (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the bones forming the carpal joint?

<p>Distal of the radius and ulna, carpal bones and proximal of the metacarpal bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are connected by ligamentum intercapitale?

<p>Left and right ribs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the shoulder joint in carnivores from that in large animals?

<p>Presence of multi-ligament structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the carpal joint categorized as?

<p>Hinge, composite, uniaxial joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is classified as a uniaxial joint?

<p>Tarsal joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the phalangeal joints, which structures are involved in the metacarpophalangeal joint?

<p>Metacarpal bone, proximal phalanx, and sesamoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are associated with the shoulder joint?

<p>Ligamentum coracohumarale and ligamentum glenohumerale (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of movable joints?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ligamentum tuberculum?

<p>Linking the tuberculum costae to vertebrae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the proximal interphalangeal joint?

<p>Uniaxial and saddle joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ligaments are associated with the metacarpophalangeal joint?

<p>Lig.sesamoideum obliquum and lig.sesamoideum rectum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed by the junction of the vertebrae and the head of the rib?

<p>Costovertebral joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the articular cartilage contains elongated and flattened chondrocytes?

<p>Superficial zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the tarsocrural joint classified as?

<p>Cochlear joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species difference is noted in ruminants regarding the phalangeal joints?

<p>Lig.interdigitale proximale and lig.interdigitale distale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ligaments is associated with the tarsal joint?

<p>Lig.collaterale laterale longum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main ligament that holds the radius and ulna together in carnivores?

<p>Ligamentum anulare radii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature separates the calcified zone from the deep (radial) zone in articular cartilage?

<p>Tidemark (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint forms between the central tarsal bones and the distal tarsal bones?

<p>Distal intertarsal joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the distal interphalangeal joint?

<p>Middle and distal part, sesamoid bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint classified as?

<p>Simple joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is considered a strong ligament in the hip joint?

<p>Lig.capitis ossis femoris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of joint for the stifle joint?

<p>Hinge joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of joint is the hip joint characterized as?

<p>Multiaxial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligaments are present in the cranial aspect of the stifle joint?

<p>Femorotibial and femoropatellar ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unique feature pertains to the patellar ligaments in horses?

<p>Have 3 patellar ligaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species feature only two ligaments in the sacroiliac joint?

<p>Carnivores (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is characterized as a condylar joint?

<p>Stifle joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of ligaments are included in the lateral aspect of the stifle joint?

<p>Femoropatellare laterale and femoropatellare mediale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

A composite joint formed by the skull and mandible, containing an articular disc.

TMJ Ligaments (small animals)

A single ligament (laterale) supports the jaw joint in small animals.

TMJ Ligaments (large animals)

The jaw joint in larger animals has two ligaments (laterale and caudale).

Atlanto-occipital Joint

A simple joint between the skull and the first vertebra.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Atlanto-axial Joint

A simple joint between the first and second vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligaments in Vertebral Canal

Include longitudinal ligaments, alar ligament, and some species have additional ventral ligaments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intervertebral Symphysis

Cartilaginous joints between vertebrae for shock absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vertebral Column Ligaments

Long ligaments span the entire spine on top of short ligaments, which only connect two vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elbow joint types

The elbow joint is a composite, uniaxial joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elbow joint ligaments

The elbow joint has collateral ligaments (lateral and medial) that stabilize the joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Elbow joint species difference

Large animals have an interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna; carnivores have a ligamentum olecrani.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carpal joint types

The carpal joint is a hinge, composite, uniaxial joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carpal joint ligaments

The carpal joint has collateral ligaments, ligaments between carpal bones, and ligaments connecting carpal bones to metacarpal bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metacarpophalangeal joint types

The metacarpophalangeal joint is a uniaxial, composite, hinge joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metacarpophalangeal joint ligaments

The metacarpophalangeal joint has collateral ligaments, and ligaments linked to sesamoid bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proximal interphalangeal joint types

The proximal interphalangeal joint is a uniaxial, saddle joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ruminant phalangeal ligaments

Ruminants have interdigital ligaments (proximal and distal) between their hooves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carnivore claw ligaments

Carnivores have dorsal ligaments between their claws and the bones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tarsal Joint

A type of joint found in the foot, connecting the tibia and fibula to the metatarsal bones. Characterized by a uniaxial structure, allowing for limited movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tarsocrural Joint

A joint in the lower leg where the tibia and fibula connect with the proximal row of the tarsal bones. It's a cochlear joint, allowing for a limited hinge-like motion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proximal Intertarsal Joint

Located in the foot, this joint connects the proximal tarsal bones to the central row of tarsal bones. It functions as a cochlear joint, allowing for limited movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distal Intertarsal Joint

A joint within the ankle that connects the central tarsal bones to the distal tarsal bones. It's a cochlear joint allowing some limited movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tarsometatarsal Joint

Located in the foot, this joint connects the distal tarsal bones to the proximal metatarsal bones. It functions as a cochlear joint for small movements.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Articular Cartilage Structure

A specialized type of hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones in moveable joints. It has no perichondrium and consists of four zones, each with distinct histological features.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Zones of Articular Cartilage

Articular cartilage is composed of four zones: Superficial (tangential): pressure-resistant, elongated chondrocytes; Intermediate (transitional): round chondrocytes; Deep (radial): small, round chondrocytes in columns; Calcified: calcified matrix, separated from the deep zone by a tidemark. Each zone has a specific arrangement of chondrocytes and collagen fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distal Interphalangeal Joint

A joint formed by the middle and distal phalanges, with a sesamoid bone. It is a uniaxial, composite, and saddle joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sacroiliac Joint

A joint between the sacrum and the hip bone. It's a simple, plane, and tight joint with limited movement. Ligaments include: dorsal breve, dorsal longum, and sacrotuberale latum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hip Joint

A joint formed by the hip bone and femur, specifically the acetabulum and femoral head. It's a simple, multiaxial joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hip Joint Ligaments

The hip joint has two main ligaments: lig.capitis ossis femoris (strong ligament) and ligamentum transversum acetabulum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint

The joint located in the knee, formed by the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella. It's a hinge, condylar, and sledge joint.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint Ligaments

Stifle joint ligaments are classified into 4 categories: meniscus, femorotibial, femoropatellar, and patellar. These ligaments provide stability and allow for movement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint Ligaments - Cranial Aspect

Ligaments on the front of the stifle joint include: meniscus ligaments, femorotibial ligaments, femoropatellar ligaments, and patellar ligaments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint Ligaments - Femorotibial Ligaments

Femorotibial ligaments connect the tibia and femur. This category includes the collateral ligaments: laterale and mediale.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint Ligaments - Patellar Ligaments

Patellar ligaments include: laterale, intermedial, and mediale, connecting the tibia and patella.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stifle Joint Ligaments - Caudal Aspect

Ligaments on the back of the stifle joint include: meniscofemorale, cruciatum cudale, tibiale caudale menicsi medialis, and tibiale caudale menicsi lateralis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum nuchae structure

The nuchal ligament has two parts: the funiculus nuchae (rope-like, starts at the skull and ends on the 3rd or 5th thoracic vertebrae) and the lamina nuchae (flat, located under the funiculus nuchae).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum nuchae function

The nuchal ligament supports the weight of the head when held high, reducing stress on the head and neck muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum nuchae species differences

Large animals have both funiculus and lamina nuchae. Small animals, like pigs and cats, lack a nuchal ligament due to short necks and strong muscles. Dogs only have the funiculus nuchae, starting at the axis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Articulatio capitis costae

The joint between the head of a rib (caput costae) and the thoracic vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Costotransverse articulation

The joint between the neck of the rib (collum costae) and the thoracic vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum capitis costae

Connects the head of the rib (caput costae) to the vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Costotransverse ligament

Connects the neck of the rib (collum costae) to the vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum tuberculum

Connects the tubercle of the rib to the vertebrae.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ligamentum intercapitale

Connects the left and right ribs together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Shoulder joint bones

The shoulder joint is formed by the scapula and the humerus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Assessment Joints, Anatomy and Histology

  • Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):

    • Formed by the skull's squamous part and the mandible's condylar process.
    • Composite joint due to an articular disc.
    • Small animals (dogs, pigs) have one ligament (ligamentum laterale).
    • Large animals (horses, oxen) have two (ligamentum laterale and ligamentum caudale).

  • Atlanto-occipital Joint:

    • Between the occipital bone and the first vertebra.
    • Simple joint.
    • Ligaments: Ligamentum laterale, dorsal and ventral atlanto-occipital membranes.

  • Atlanto-axial Joint:

    • Between the first and second vertebrae.
    • Simple joint.
    • Ligaments: Longitudinal ligament, right and left alar ligaments (dorsal and ventral).
    • Species variation: Ventral aspect ligament (ligamentum atlantoaxiale ventrale) only in ruminants and horses. Dogs and pigs have the transverse ligament of the atlas (ligamentum transversum atlantis).

  • Vertebral Articulations:

    • Adjacent vertebrae are connected by cartilages (intervertebral discs).
    • These act as shock absorbers, with synovial joints in the articular processes.
    • Long ligaments extend along the vertebral column (spinal process, dorsal/ventral longitudinal).
    • Short ligaments connect adjacent vertebrae (interspinalia, intertransversaria, flava).

  • Nuchal Ligament:

    • Structure: Two parts (funiculus and lamina) supporting the skull weight.
    • Species variation: Large animals have the full structure. Small animals (dogs, pigs) mostly only have funiculus nuchae.

  • Costovertebral Articulations:

    • Ribs articulate with thoracic vertebrae at two joints (capitis costae and costotransverse).
    • Ligaments: Ligamentum capitis costae, costotransverse ligaments, and ligamentum tuberculum.

  • Shoulder Joint:

    • Formed by the scapula and humerus.
    • Simple, multiaxial joint.
    • Ligaments: Coracohumeral ligament (in most mammals).
    • Multiple glenohumeral ligaments (more prevalent in carnivores).
    • Bird shoulder joint: articulatio coraco-scapulo-humeralis

  • Elbow Joint:

    • Formed by the distal humerus and the radius and ulna.
    • Composite, uniaxial joint.
    • Ligaments: collateral ligaments (lateral and medial).

  • Carpal Joint:

    • Formed by the radius/ulna and carpal bones, with multiple ligaments connecting the carpal bones.
    • Hinge, composite, uniaxial joint.

  • Phalangeal Joints:

    • Metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal joints.
    • Uniaxial, composite, and saddle joints.
    • Numerous ligaments, including collateral and sesamoid ligaments, varying by species.

  • Sacroiliac Joint:

    • Formed by the sacrum and ilium (coccyx/hip bone).
    • Simple, plane joint (minimal movement).
    • Ligaments: sacroiliac dorsalis longus/brevis, and sacrotuberale.

  • Hip Joint:

    • Formed by the hip bone (acetabulum) and femur.
    • Simple, multiaxial joint.
    • Ligaments: ligamentum capitis ossis femoris, and transverse acetabular ligament.
    • Bird hip joint: peculiarities vary.

  • Stifle Joint:

    • Formed by the femur, tibia, fibula, and patella.
    • Hinge, condylar, and/or saddle-like joint.
    • Numerous ligaments: collateral, medial/lateral meniscus, and cruciate ligaments.
    • Species variation for number and location of ligaments.

  • Tarsal Joint:

    • Formed by the tibia/fibula and metatarsal bones.
    • Uniaxial joint.
    • Species-specific ligaments (variations for collateral ligaments).

Histology

  • Articular Cartilage:

    • Hyaline cartilage covering joint surfaces.
    • Four zones (superficial, intermediate, deep, calcified).
    • Specialized tissue for shock absorption and friction reduction.

  • Synovial Joint Components:

    • Synovial membrane (fibroblasts, villi), fibrous capsule, synovial fluid.
    • Specialized connective tissue structure lining articular joints.

  • Intervertebral Disc:

    • Composed of anulus fibrosus (fibrocartilage) and nucleus pulposus (gelatinous tissue).
    • Provides support, shock absorption, and slight movement for vertebrae.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Assessment Joints Anatomy and Histology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge of veterinary anatomy focusing on joints and ligaments. This quiz covers various types of joints, specifically the temporomandibular, atlanto-occipital, and elbow joints, along with associated ligaments in different animals. Enhance your understanding of the structural features that distinguish these anatomical components.

More Like This

Canine Hindlimb Anatomy Quiz
5 questions

Canine Hindlimb Anatomy Quiz and Flashcards

GoldTigerSEye8849 avatar
GoldTigerSEye8849
Dog Bone Anatomy Quiz
12 questions

Dog Skeleton Anatomy Quiz: Test Your Knowledge

CleanestTucson avatar
CleanestTucson
Pelvic Limb Joints
76 questions

Pelvic Limb Joints

VerifiableSlideWhistle avatar
VerifiableSlideWhistle
Anatomy of the Sacroiliac Joint
54 questions

Anatomy of the Sacroiliac Joint

vetquiz avatar
vetquiz
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser