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Questions and Answers
The front of an animal is referred to as?
The front of an animal is referred to as?
The term that refers to the middle or midline is?
The term that refers to the middle or midline is?
The directional term 'caudal' indicates what when referring to a pet's anatomy?
The directional term 'caudal' indicates what when referring to a pet's anatomy?
When asked to place an animal in a 'lateral recumbent position', you should place it in?
When asked to place an animal in a 'lateral recumbent position', you should place it in?
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Hyperthermic refers to?
Hyperthermic refers to?
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The prefix 'brady' means the opposite of which other prefix?
The prefix 'brady' means the opposite of which other prefix?
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If a veterinarian asked you to give a pet a 'subcutaneous injection', where would you place the needle?
If a veterinarian asked you to give a pet a 'subcutaneous injection', where would you place the needle?
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What term refers to the directional term that indicates away from the midline?
What term refers to the directional term that indicates away from the midline?
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What does the prefix 'hyper' mean?
What does the prefix 'hyper' mean?
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What does the prefix 'hypo' mean?
What does the prefix 'hypo' mean?
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What does the prefix 'sub' refer to?
What does the prefix 'sub' refer to?
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What does 'enter/o' refer to?
What does 'enter/o' refer to?
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What is the medical term for inflammation of the stomach?
What is the medical term for inflammation of the stomach?
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Define the term 'my/o'.
Define the term 'my/o'.
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What does 'hepat/o' refer to?
What does 'hepat/o' refer to?
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What does 'osteo' mean?
What does 'osteo' mean?
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Study Notes
Anatomical Terms and Directional Language
- Cranial: Refers to the direction toward the front or head of the animal.
- Caudal: Indicates the direction toward the back or tail of the animal.
- Anterior: Describes a location directed toward the front.
- Posterior: Denotes a position directed toward the back.
- Medial: Means closer to the midline or center of the body.
- Lateral: Refers to the position directed toward the outside (away from the midline).
- Dorsal: Indicates the direction toward the back surface of the body.
- Ventral: Refers to the underside or belly of the animal.
- Proximal: Pertains to being closer to the origin or point of attachment.
- Distal: Indicates a position away from the origin or point of attachment.
Animal Terminology
- Canine: Refers to dogs.
- Feline: Refers to cats.
- Equine: Pertains to horses.
- Porcine: Relates to pigs.
- Bovine: Refers to cows.
- Ovine: Pertains to sheep.
- Caprine: Refers to goats.
- Avian: Relates to birds.
Basic Prefixes in Veterinary Terminology
- Brady: Means slow, as seen in bradycardia (slow heartbeat).
- Tachy: Means fast, as seen in tachycardia (fast heartbeat).
- Epi: Indicates "upon," relating to the epidermis (outer skin layer).
- Peri: Means surrounding, as in pericardium (tissue around the heart).
- Trans: Means across, such as in transtracheal (across the trachea).
- Hyper: Signifies excessive or above normal, e.g., hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Hypo: Indicates under or below normal, such as hypothyroid (low thyroid function).
- Micro: Means small, seen in a microscope (instrument for viewing small objects).
- Macro: Means large, such as macrocyte (large blood cell).
- Mono: Refers to one, as in monocular (instrument with one eyepiece).
- Uni: Signifies one, e.g., unilateral (affecting one side).
- Poly: Means many, as in polycystic (many cysts).
- Neo: Indicates new, seen in neoplasia (new tissue growth).
- Pre: Means before, such as preoperative (before surgery).
- Post: Indicates after, as in postoperative (after surgery).
- Sub: Means below, referring to subcutaneous (beneath the skin).
- Ecto: Indicates outside of, seen in ectoparasites (outside parasites).
Prefix Meanings and Application
- Hyperthermic: Refers to a condition above normal temperature.
- Brady’s Opposite: The prefix "brady" contrasts with "tachy" (fast).
- Subcutaneous Injection: Indicates an injection placed under the skin.
Combining Forms Related to Body Systems
- Esophag/o: Relates to the esophagus; inflammation is esophagitis.
- Gastr/o: Pertains to the stomach; inflammation is gastroenteritis.
- Enter/o: Relates to the intestines; enterotomy refers to incision into intestines.
- Hepat/o: Pertains to the liver; inflammation is hepatitis.
- Chol/e: Relates to the gallbladder; inflammation is cholitis.
- Dent/o: Pertains to teeth; dental means relating to teeth.
- Gingiv/o: Relates to gums; surgery to remove parts is gingivectomy.
Specialized Procedures and Terms
- Arthr/o: Relates to joints; arthroscope is for viewing inside a joint.
- Oste/o: Pertains to bone; osteotomy means cutting the bone.
- Cervic/o: Refers to the neck; cervical indicates relation to the neck.
- Thorac/o: Relates to the chest; thoracentesis is removal of fluid from the chest.
- Trache/o: Pertains to the windpipe; a tracheotomy is incision into the trachea.
- Pulmon/o: Relates to the lungs; pulmonary exams evaluate lung function.
- Neur/o: Pertains to nerves; neurologic refers to concerns of the nervous system.
- Dermat/o: Relates to skin; dermatitis indicates skin inflammation.
- Ophthalm/o: Pertains to eyes; ophthalmic relates to vision.
- Nephr/o: Relates to kidneys; nephrology is the study of kidneys.
- Cyst/o: Refers to the urinary bladder; cystitis is bladder inflammation.
- Hyster/o: Relates to the uterus; hysterectomy refers to the removal of the uterus.
- Ovari/o: Pertains to the ovaries.
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Description
Prepare for your Vet Assistant Certification with these flashcards covering essential anatomical terms. Each term is defined clearly to help you understand directional terminology in veterinary anatomy. Perfect for quick study before the exam.
